Afghanistan Public Policy Research Organization NAP 1325 Monitor Monitoring Cycle 5: May – August 2018 October 2018 Project Report Acknowledgments This monitoring report is part of the project “NAP 1325 Monitor”, funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). About NAP 1325 Monitor The specific objectives of the NAP 1325 Monitor are to: 1. Report changes in operating environment for implementing NAP 1325 and report negative and positive changes for action and learning on a 4-monthly basis. Monitoring is carried out using a standardized methodology based on a comprehensive set of indicators developed from the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 (UNSCR 1325), subsequent related resolutions, and Afghanistan’s NAP 1325. 2. Generate practical policy recommendations for interventions by civil society and the government on meeting WPS objectives as specified in UNSCR 1325 and Afghanistan’s NAP 1325. 3. Disseminate information from the monitoring and related thematic research to national and international audiences with a focus on the WPS agenda in Afghanistan. About APPRO Afghanistan Public Policy Research Organization (APPRO) is an independent social research organization with a mandate to promote social and policy learning to benefit development and reconstruction efforts in Afghanistan and other less developed countries through conducting applied research and monitoring, evaluations, training and mentoring. APPRO is registered with the Ministry of Economy (MoEc) in Afghanistan as a non-profit, non-government organization, headquartered in Kabul, Afghanistan with offices in Mazar-e Sharif (north), Herat (west), Kandahar (south), Jalalabad (east), and Bamyan (center). APPRO is the founding member of APPRO-Europe, registered in Belgium. APPRO also acts as the Secretariat for the National Advocacy Committee for Public Policy (NAC-PP). For more information on APPRO, see: www.appro.org.af. For more information on APPRO-Europe, see: www.appro-europe.net. For more information on NAC-PP, see: www.nac-pp.net. Contact: [email protected] About the Researchers The following researchers (in alphabetical order) contributed to this report: Ahmad Shaheer Anil, Fareba Ayob, Enayat Bashardost, Samad Ebrahimi, Ahmadullah Hamta, Ehsanullah Khalili, Fatima Khavari, Mohammad Sabir Khaibar, Saeed Parto, Bashir Quraishi, Hasan Raha, Mohammad Anwar Rahimi, Marzia Rahmani, Hikmatullah Ramin, Alamuddin Rizwan, Ehsan Saadat, Zarghona Saify, Lema Sakhizai, Yaser Talibzada, Adila Yadgar. Ahmadullah Hamta, Hasan Raha, and Ehsan Saadat authored this report. APPRO takes full responsibility for all omissions and errors. © 2018. Afghanistan Public Policy Research Organization. Some rights reserved. This publication may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted only for non-commercial purposes and with written credit to APPRO and links to APPRO’s website at www.appro.org.af. Any other use of this publication requires prior written permission, which may be obtained by writing to: [email protected] 2 www.appro.org.af List of Abbreviation AIHRC Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission ANDMA Afghanistan National Disaster Management Authority ANP Afghan National Police APPRO Afghanistan Public Policy Research Organization AWN Afghan Women’s Network CSO Civil Society Organization DoAIL Directorate of Agriculture Irrigations and Livestock DoEd Directorate of Education DoHRA Directorate of Hajj and Religious Affairs DoLSA Directorate of Labor and Social Affairs DoPH Directorate of Public Health DoRR Directorate of Refugee and Repatriations DoWA Directorate of Women Affairs DRC Danish Refugee Council DRRD Department of Rural Rehabilitation and Development ECW Empowerment Center for Women EPD Equality for Peace and Democracy EVAW Elimination of Violence Against Women FRU Family Response Unit HPC High Peace Council HRC Human Rights Commission IARCSC Independent Administrative Reform and Civil Services Commission IDP Internally Displaced Persons IEC Independent Election Commission MoEc Ministry of Economy MoFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs MoI Ministry of Interior MoJ Ministry of Justice MoWA Ministry of Women Affairs NAC-PP National Advocacy Committee for Public Policy NAP National Action Plan NDS National Directorate of Security NGO Non-government Organization NPO Norwegian Project Office NRC Norwegian Refugee Council PEW Office of Peace and Equality for Women UNSCR United Nations Security Council Resolution WAW Women for Afghan Women WPS Women, Peace and Security 3 www.appro.org.af Table of Contents Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................. 2 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 5 Objectives, Methodology and Scope ...................................................................................... 6 Findings ................................................................................................................................. 8 Awareness of NAP 1325..................................................................................................................8 Security Situation ...........................................................................................................................8 Participation .......................................................................................................................... 9 Achievements .............................................................................................................................. 14 Setbacks ...................................................................................................................................... 16 Protection ........................................................................................................................... 19 Achievements .............................................................................................................................. 22 Setbacks ...................................................................................................................................... 24 Prevention........................................................................................................................... 26 Achievements .............................................................................................................................. 27 Setbacks ...................................................................................................................................... 28 Relieve and Recovery ........................................................................................................... 30 Achievements .............................................................................................................................. 34 Setbacks ...................................................................................................................................... 36 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 38 Recommendation ................................................................................................................ 39 Government of Afghanistan.......................................................................................................... 39 Civil Society and International Community .................................................................................... 39 Appendix 1: Indicators ......................................................................................................... 41 Appendix 2: References and Coding ..................................................................................... 43 4 www.appro.org.af Introduction In October 2000, after decades of advocacy, the United Nations Security Council adopted resolution 1325 (UNSCR 1325) recognizing the disproportionate impact that war and conflicts have on women and children. While having become victims of armed conflict, women’s role in the process of preventing and managing conflicts has been minimal and overlooked by relevant authorities. UNSCR 1325 was intended to respond to the changing nature of warfare, in which civilians are increasingly targeted, and to women’s general exclusion from participation in peace and security processes. It also emphasizes that peace and security efforts are likely to be more sustainable when women are equal partners in the prevention of violent conflict and the delivery of relief and recovery efforts.1 National Action Plans (NAP) have been developed by various national governments to localize the implementation of UNSCR 1325. Afghanistan committed to UNSCR 1325 in June 2015 with the launching its National Action Plan (NAP 1325).2 Afghanistan’s NAP 1325 was developed to respond to urgent need for the Afghan society to adopt an inclusive and participatory approach in the prevention policy processes and conflict management and create a new space for effective participation of women in peace processes, security and development. In statements on peace making with the Taliban in early 2018, President Ashraf Ghani has raised the importance of assurances of women’s involvement in the peace process.3 Afghan women, however, remain skeptical, with only half believing that peace is possible without the fear of losing recent progress in women’s rights and expanded opportunities.4 Regardless