DLR developments and application ideas for interplanetary cubesats iCubeSat, Milano 2019 Jens Biele1, Michael Maibaum1, Caroline Lange2, Thimo Grundmann2, Stephan Ulamec1, Marcus Thomas Knopp3, Frank-Cyrus Roshani3 1DLR German Aerospace Center, RB-MUSC, Cologne, Germany 2DLR German Aerospace Center, Bremen, Germany 3DLR German Aerospace Center, GSOC, Munich, Germany www.DLR.de • Chart 3 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date SKAD-Study [FRANK, MARCUS] • Orbiter as relais station for Mars-Rover • ………. Designs flown or studied (DLR) Hopper(10-25 kg) MASCOT (30, 70 kg) Philae (100 kg) Leonard MASCOT (10 kg) Folie 4 > Vortrag > Autor Folie 5 > Vortrag > Autor Study Flow of MASCOT („how to shrink a lander..“) • December 2008 – September 2009: feasibility study, with CNES, in context of Marco Polo and Hayabusa-2, with common requirements: • 3 iterations of different mass (95kg, 35kg & 10kg) and P/L • Settled on 10 kg lander package including 3 kg of P/L • Ho, T.-M., et al. (2016). "MASCOT—The Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout Onboard the Hayabusa2 Mission." Space Science Reviews 208(1-4): 339– 374. • ➔ Design of MASCOT 10 kg: a nanosat (30x30*20 cm³) . Could be a 18 U cubesat! Large ~ 95 kg, Philae hertitage Middle ~ 35 kg, Xtra Small ~ 10 kg, No post-landing Up-righting + mobility mobility MASCOT Payload (25% of total mass!) Instrument Science Goals Heritage Institute; PI/IM Mass [kg] MAG magnetization of the NEA MAG of ROMAP on Rosetta TU Braunschweig Lander (Philae), ESA VEX, 0,15 → formation history Themis K.H. Glassmeier / U. Auster mineralogical composition ESA ExoMars, Russia and characterize grains Phobos GRUNT, ESA size and structure of Rosetta, ESA ExoMars IAS Paris µOmega surface soil samples at μ- rover 2018, Rosetta / Philae J.P. Bibring / M. Berthé 1,9 scale / CIVA/MI Infrared hyperspectral microscope map NEA‘s surface temperature to determine MUPUS-TM on Rosetta DLR PF (Berlin) the thermal inertia → Lander (Philae); MERTIS- MARA M. Grott / J. Knollenberg 0,12 Yarkovsky & Yorp effects RAD on BepiColombo multispectral images of the ExoMars PanCam heads, DLR PF (Berlin) landing site and provide Rosetta-ROLIS head, ISS- CAM R. Jaumann / N. Schmitz 0,4 geological context RokViss head Folie 6 > Vortrag > Autor Folie 7 > Vortrag > Autor MASCOT+ ̶ Proposed Lander Packages for small body missions • On the basis of MASCOT (a ~10kg lander for the Hayabusa 2 mission), landers with various instrument complements have been studied MAPOSSI - LIBS, MARA - APX -Thermal Mapper, - Mößbauer Spectrometer, LIBS for ExoMars - IR-spectrometer (MicrOmega), © DLR CAM - Camera, - optional elements MicrOmega for MASCOT © IAS MAG μOmega FANTINA -Radar Tomographer MASCOT - Camera - optional elements Concept of Radar Tomogapher Image: IPAG Folie 8 > Vortrag > Autor Bus Design / Power System longevity – MASCOT-2 (AIM) • Unfoldable solar generator cover • Supports orientation and protects solar cells during touch-down • Active area 0,127 m² • Energy output: ~23 Wh/Trot www.DLR.de • Chart 9 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date Utilization of cubesats complementing conventional interplanetary probes to enhance the scientific outcome of the mission • Focus • deployable payloads (e.g. Dobson space telescope), • fragmented systems (formation flying, e.g for SAR or high precision gravity field and • small body landers ➔ great potential to mitigate risks and advance accuracy of measurements. • Solar sail demonstrator Gossamer-1 (developed to QM) was an assemblage of 5 nano spacecraft (with CubeSat-avionics), due to their special mechanics bigger thatn usual Cubes. www.DLR.de • Chart 10 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date SKAD-Study • November 2016 – March 2017 Feasibility study initiated by DLR Space Administration to investigate future Mars exploration by means of autonomous and heterogeneous swarms of robots and drones. • At first terrestrial anologue mission in desert environment to validate concepts • Small satellite acting as data relay satellite www.DLR.de • Chart 11 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date HERA • Hera is an ESA technology demonstration mission for asteroid impact mitigation (HERA+DART[NASA]=AIDA). • Supported by Germany • Target is the Didymos binary asteroid system • Need approval at ESA ministerial, end-2019. • Will fly 2 cubesats, one of which will land on Didymoon in the end: APEX, Juventas www.DLR.de • Chart 12 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date small means focused, not less: from many parallel boxes to all in one box MARA DACC bouncing (hidden) MasCAM heritage landers: MasMAG • cover all fields (hidden) • medium-integrated design concept • separate instrument interfaces ‘as usual‘ • requirements-driven bouncing design, drives mission bouncing Communication LFR Main Antenna MASCOTs: Antenna bouncing • focus on key topics GNC PEC GNC PEC GNC OPS target body properties addressed… thermal IR • organically integrated radiometer GNC OPS • surface structure (MARA) design LED illumination • composition Camera (CAM) • mechanical properties • across unit border MicrOmega (hidden) • thermal properties optimized interfaces • interior structure magnetometer • constraints-driven (MAG) • spacecraft orientation design GNC PEC GNC OTS note: no Scout would go outdoors without a compass! → www.DLR.de • Chart 13 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date cooperating cubes: GOSSAMER -1 solar sail demo (a) Launch Configuration (b) BSDU is released and deployment started; the belt (green) is coiled by BWM • 1 GOSSAMER sailcraft = 5 independent spacecraft • @ launch connected to act as one (c) Sails fully deployed; (d) BSFR separated and • electrical – thermal – mechanical interfaces BSFR is locked by tape remaining boom is deployed spring on boom • cubesat electronics in GOSSAMER -1 design • EQM done, PFM design ready to go @ termination • launch contract was with QB50 (tech-dem on PSLV) (e) Belt connected by Velcro (f) BSDU is jettisoned and is separated from boom drifts away figures : Seefeldt et al., 2016 www.DLR.de • Chart 14 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date say HY2 your scouting little friends • 1 mission • 7 active nano-spacecraft • 5 passive nano-spacecraft figures : ISAS / JAXA www.DLR.de • Chart 15 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date Thank you for your attention!.