PROGRESS TOWARDS THE RESOURCE REVOLUTION Christian Ludwig and Sonia Valdivia (Eds.) 2019 PROGRESS TOWARDS THE RESOURCE REVOLUTION Christian Ludwig Sonia Valdivia A World Resources Forum Production Printed by Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen PSI – March 2019 PROGRESS TOWARDS THE RESOURCE REVOLUTION Printed by Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) Editors Prof. Dr. Christian Ludwig, PSI and Ecole Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne (EPFL) Prof. Dr. Sonia Valdivia, World Resources Forum (WRF) Program Manager Scientific Advisor Dr. Cecilia Matasci, World Resources Forum (WRF) Scientific Officer Editorial Management Jordan Prieto, EPFL Citation Ludwig, Chr., Valdivia, S., Progress towards the Resource Revolution, World Resources Forum, Villigen PSI and St. Gallen, Switzerland, 2019 Available from Paul Scherrer Institute ENE-LBK-CPM 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland Phone +41 56 310 21 11 www.psi.ch ISBN 978-3-9521409-8-7 Foreword Since their first edition in 2009 World Resources Forum (WRF) conferences have served as a global platform for scientific exchange and helped to advancing international agendas by building on sound science contributions from the participants published in WRF conferences scientific reports. During the WRF 2017 conference, about 150 scientific presentations were part of the program which generated interesting and lively discussions. Highest-quality contributions went through an international peer review process supported by the WRF Scientific Committee which concluded with the selection of 26 papers. An exclusive subchapter on sustainable resources management containing six contributions from the private sector complements this book. Based on the key outputs of the WRF 2017 conference and the work performed during and after the review process in 2018 we are proud to announce this book entitled ‘Progress Towards the Resource Revolution’ which presents innovations and approaches that support solutions required by the Paris Agreement on Climate Change as well as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In line with the international developments, the focus of this book is set on: • Policy, governance, and education for sustainable development • Methods, indicators, and design for resource efficiency and sufficiency • Water and regional aspects • Metals, minerals, and materials • Sustainable resource management with personal views and insights from the private sector Policy conditions provide the umbrella for discussing the transition to circular economy and set the tone of the discussions towards the resource revolution. This includes roadmaps and incentives at regional and international levels. Assessments, metrics used, solutions and communication approaches are also broadly exposed through various national and international cases. Along the policies and tools described the focus is given to climate change as well as on sustainable energy, resources and materials, food and water management related topics. Contributions on secondary resources management such as waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) stand out in this book which offer opportunities for generating value and job creation but also poses huge risks if mismanaged as this is the case in the least developed regions of the world. The book further highlights work related to mobility which has growing influence on our lifestyles and great potential to reduce impacts on climate change. Looking forward, this book demonstrates numerous examples from different countries around the world of increasing resource efficiency in various areas, impact categories and value chains and provides recommendations for mitigating climate change (Paris Agreement and SDG 13), making cities more sustainable (SDG 11), improving the accessibility of clean energy (SDG 7) and industrial innovation and infrastructure (SDG 9), making consumption and production more sustainable (SDG 12), and protecting marine environment (SDG 14) and land (SDG 15) environments. Editors: Ludwig and Valdivia 3 Progress Towards the Resource Revolution We would like to thank the Scientific Committee for their valuable support at the WRF 2017 Conference and for the review of selected contributions. Our special thanks go also to Dr. Cecilia Matasci and Jordan Prieto who provided professional technical assistance during the development of this book. We wish you an inspiring reading that reaffirms your commitment to protect the planet and to make this a better world. Prof. Dr. Christian Ludwig Prof. Dr. Sonia Valdivia WRF Scientific Chair WRF Scientific Co-Chair Villigen PSI and St. Gallen, Switzerland, January 2019 4 Editors: Ludwig and Valdivia List of Authors Part I – Policy, Governance, and Education for Sustainable Development Alquézar Sabadie Jesús, European Commission, DG Research & Innovation, BE 1049- Brussels; subchapter 2 Bakker C.A., TU Delft, 2600 AA Delft, The Netherlands; subchapter 4 Baniya Bishal, Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia; subchapter 3 Bienge Katrin, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment, Energy, Doeppersberg 19, 42103 Wuppertal, Germany; subchapter 6 Engelmann Tobias, Faktor 10 – Institut für nachhaltiges Wirtschaften gGmbH, Alte Bahnhofstraße 13, 61169 Friedberg, Germany; subchapter 6 Fenn Ian, Consumers International, 24 Highbury Crescent, London, N5 1RX, United Kingdom; subchapter 4 Giurco Damien, Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia; subchapter 3 Heller Bettina, UN environment, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box 30552, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; subchapter 4 Kelly Scott, Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia; subchapter 3 Kwiatkowski Claire, European Commission, DG Research & Innovation, BE 1049-Brussels; subchapter 2 Lettenmeier Michael, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy, Research Group Sustainable Production and Consumption, Döppersberg 19, D-42103 Wuppertal, Germany; Aalto University, School of Arts, Design and Architecture, Department of Design, NODUS – Sustainable Design Research Group, Hämeentie 135 C, FIN-00760 Helsinki, Finland; D-mat ltd., Satulasepäntie 5B, FIN-00640 Helsinki, Finland; subchapter 5 Mancini Lucia, European Commission Joint Research Centre Directorate D – Sustainable Resources Via E. Fermi 2749 – TP 122 I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy; subchapter 1 McSweeney Madison, UN environment, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box 30552, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; subchapter 4 Pennington David, European Commission Joint Research Centre Directorate D – Sustainable Resources Via E. Fermi 2749 – TP 122 I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy; subchapter 1 Rohn Holger, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen – University of Applied Sciences, Wiesenstraße 14, 35390 Gießen, Germany; subchapter 6 Rohrer Jürg, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Research Group: Renewable Energy, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland; subchapter 7 Sala Serenella, European Commission Joint Research Centre Directorate D – Sustainable Resources Via E. Fermi 2749 – TP 122 I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy; subchapter 1 Schuit C.S.C., TU Delft, 2600 AA Delft, The Netherlands; subchapter 4 Speck Melanie, Faktor 10 – Institut für nachhaltiges Wirtschaften gGmbH, Alte Bahnhofstraße 13, 61169 Friedberg, Germany; subchapter 6 Editors: Ludwig and Valdivia 5 Progress Towards the Resource Revolution Sperr Nadia, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Research Group: Renewable Energy, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland; subchapter 7 Wackernagel Mathis, Global Footprint Network, Oakland Office 426 17th Street, Suite 700. Oakland, CA 94612, USA; subchapter 5 Wang Feng, UN environment, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box 30552, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; subchapter 4 Wittmer Dominic, European Commission Joint Research Centre Directorate D – Sustainable Resources Via E. Fermi 2749 – TP 122 I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy; subchapter 1 Part II – Methods, Indicators, and Design for Resource Efficiency and Sufficiency Accili Alessia, Ecodom – Consorzio Italiano Recupero e Riciclaggio Elettrodomestici via Lepetit 40, Laiante (MI) 20020, Italy; subchapter 10 Aggarwal Ankit, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan (WZW), Technical University of Munich, Freising – Germany, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (Fraunhofer IVV), Freising, Germany; subchapter 14 Arienti Giorgio, Ecodom – Consorzio Italiano Recupero e Riciclaggio Elettrodomestici via Lepetit 40, Laiante (MI) 20020, Italy; subchapter 10 Ballén Zamora Sergio Alfonso, Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca. Bogotá, Colombia; subchapter 15 Bhalla Kriti, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore-560054, Karnataka; subchapter 16 Böni Heinz, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; subchapter 11 Campadello Luca, Ecodom – Consorzio Italiano Recupero e Riciclaggio Elettrodomestici via Lepetit 40, Laiante (MI) 20020, Italy; subchapter 10 Cubides Pérez Adriana, Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca. Bogotá, Colombia; subchapter 15 García Oscar Mauricio, Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca. Bogotá, Colombia; subchapter 15 Gauch Marcel, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; subchapter 11 Guyonnet Dominique, BRGM (French Geological Survey), 3 avenue Claude