Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Boston Library Consortium Member Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/dedominiodivinolOOwycl IOHANNIS WYCLIFFE DE DOMINIO DIVINO LIBRI TRES IOHANNIS WYCLIFFE DE DOMINIO DIVINO LIBRI TRES TO WHICH ARE ADDED THE FIRST FOUR BOOKS OF THE TREATISE DE PAUPERIE SALVATORIS BY RICHARD FITZRALPH ARCHBISHOP OF ARMAGH EDITED BY REGINALD LANE POOLE, M.A. DOCTOR IN PHILOSOPHY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LEIPZIG LONDON PUBLISHED FOR THE WYCLIF SOCIETY BY TRUBNER & CO. 57 AND 59 LUDGATE HlLL MDCCCXC JOHNSON REPRINT CORPORATION MINERVA, G.m.b.H. NEW YORK AND LONDON FRANKFURT AM MAIN BOSTON COLLEGE LIBRARY CHESTNUT HILL, MASS. JAN 1967 374358 co£ v/. (o First reprinting, 1966 Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS. Preface : The treatise de Dominio divino: page The manuscripts ........ vii The present edition . xiv Relation of the manuscripts ..... xvii Title of the work xix Division into books . xx Fragmentary state of the work ..... xxi Authorship and date ...... xxii Contents .......... xxiv Richard FitzRalph's treatise de Pauperie Salvaloris: Origin and date of composition ..... xxxiv Contents .......... xxxvii Relation to Wycliffe xlvii Conclusion .......... xlviii IOHANNIS WYCLIFFE de DOMINIO DIVINO: LlBER I I LlBER II 173 LlBER III I99 Appendix : Ricardi Filii Radulphi de Pauperie Salvatoris Libri L—IV 257 Preliminary notice: The manuscripts ........ 259 Table of contents of the books not here printed . 264 Liber I. 273 Liber II 332 Liber . III. ... ... 379 Liber IV 434 Additions and Corrections 477 Glossary to Wycliffe's treatise de Dominio divino . 479 Index of Authorities cited 485 Index of Subjects 488 PREFACE. Wycliffe's three books de Dominio divino areThetrea- preserved in four manuscripts in the imperial library Dominio dtvm0 - at Vienna. Of these Cod. 1339 (formerly known &s The ma- Cod. theol. 900 \ and denoted in the present edition nuscripts. by the letter a) is an octavo volume written on parch- Cod. a. ment and bound in the original wooden boards. It measures 21-4 x 13-2 centimetres. The page is divided into two columns (here distinguished by A, B, and C, D, for the recto and verso respectively) ; and each column measures about 15-4x4-1 centimetres, the interval between the two being about 9 millemetres. The book is all written with great regularity and singular clearness in one beautiful trained hand ; the characters are small with thick down-strokes, and the contrac- tions are comparatively few and rarely present any difnculty to the reader. Throughout the margins are scattered rough headings, catchwords, and glosses, which it has not been thought worth while to re- produce in this edition. The beginnings of chapters are distinguished by coloured initial letters, red and blue, for the most part alternately ; the initial letters which begin the several books are illuminated chiefly in green, mauve-blue, and pink, with a gold framing, and the work is executed not only with skill and 1 The designation of this manuscript given by Michael Denis is Cod. theol. ccclxxx. : Codd. MSS. theol. Biblioth. palat. Vindobon., i (2) 1446 seq., Vienna 1794 folio. —— ; ; : : Vlll PREFACE. delicacy but also with some pretension to artistic design. The date of the manuscript may be assigned to the first years of the fifteenth century, and the corrections altera manu are those of a contemporary biopdcoTr]s who apparently did nothing more than collate the text with its exemplar. There is no evi- dence to show the country in which it was written. Like the manuscript of the De civili Dominio, though in neither case is it possible to arrive at a certain conclusion, it may well have been written by a Bohemian scribe in England and then transported into Bohemia. On the ground of its early date this 1 is perhaps, on the whole, most likely . The volume contains : — i. The three books de Dominio divino, f. i. 2. ' Liber Mandatorum qui est primus in ordine Summe sue et presupponit istos tres tractatus de Dominio precedentes/ f. 91. 3. ' Tractatus de Statu Innocencie] f. 237, ending defectively on f. 248. Within the first cover of the binding is the following note : ' Iste est ordo librorum Summe sue in theologia Primus, liber Mandatorum, et presupponitur tres libros de divino Dominio Secundus, de Statu Innocencie Tercius, quartus, et quintus, de Dominio civili; Sextus, de Veritate sacre Scripture,' and so on to the twelfth book de Blasphemia. Then follows : ' Secundum aliam quotacionem iste est ordo 1 The regular spelling of evangelium and its derivations with a w probably points in the same direction : so too the abbreviation of Lincolniensis as Lincottn. (p. 246 1. 1), and of Ardmachani, which is often written more like Ardindi, a form which actually occurs, with the i dolted, in the margin of f. 42 c. — ; ; PREFACE. IX Primus liber est de divino Dominio Secundus, de Dominio Status Innocencie Tercius, de Dominio Hominis post lapsum. Hec patent in tractatu Status Innocencie in fine, ubi addendum dicit ad primum librum trac[ta]tum de Mandatis, ad secundum de Dominio Angelorum, ad tercium de Dominio Clericorum. Hec patent ubi supra alleg[atur].' Cod. 1294 (formerly known as Cod. theol. 388 * and Cod. b. here denoted by the letter b) is a large octavo volume written on parchment and bound in wooden boards, the flyleaves consisting of a Moravian charter of the year 1401. The book measures 24-5 x 16 centimetres. The page is divided into two columns ; and each column measures 18x5-5 centimetres, the interval between the two being about 5 millemetres. The whole work, except the indexes, is written in one very fine delicate hand, from which proceed also some of the marginal catchwords and glosses, the remainder being due to the correctors. The initial letters of the chapters are not filled in, as they were intended to be, in colour. The volume contains : 1. The treatise de Veriiaie sacrae Scripturae, f. 1 ; with index in a later hand, f. 120. 2. The treatise de Ecclesia, f. 128; with index in a later hand, f. 208. 3. The three books de Dominio divino, f. 212, ending defectively on f. 251 d. The three sections bear an old separate pagination, and a comparison of the dates given in the margin of the manuscript leads to the conclusion that originally 1 Cod. theol. ccccv. in Denis' catalogue, i (2) 1507-1510. Dr Loserth takes this manuscript (which he calls A) as the basis of his edition of the treatise De Ecclesia published in 1886. He gives a full description of the volume in his introduction, pp. xvii.-xix. X PKEFACE. the De Dominio divino stood second and the De 1 Ecclesia last in thevolume . That the scribe was a Bohemian is shown by the fact that not a few marginal notes are written in Czech. These notes further in- form us that he wrote in England, that the correctors were likewise Bohemians, and that their work was completed in 1407, or perhaps more probably 1408. At the end of the treatise de Veritate sacrae Scripturae is the note ' Correctus graviter A. D. 1407 in vigilia Purificacionis sancte Marie Oxonie per Nicolaum Faulfiss et Georgium de Knyehnicz ' (f. 119 d). Now Faulfisch is the man whom Aeneas Sylvius credited with being the first to introduce Wycliffite books into 2 Bohemia ; and although the statement is so far in- correct that other Bohemians before him had brought home works by Wycliffe with them, yet its substantial accuracy in mentioning the works De Iure divino and De Ecclesia among the books which Faulfisch took into Bohemia may induce us to attach more weight than is usually done to the list Aeneas gives of the works 3 carried home by him . Other Czech notes scattered through the volume enable us to trace a little more of the scribe's history. Of the De Dominio divino the tenth chapter of book i. 4 was finished on Maundy Thursday , the eleventh on 5 Easter Eve . At the end of the fifth chapter of book iii. there is a note, Braybrug psano^, written at Braybrook, which indicates that the scribe was working 1 Loserth, intr. to De Eccl., p. xviii. 2 Hist. Bohem. xxv., Opp. p. 103, ed. Basle 15 71 folio, or with a slight textual variation in the edition of the Hist. Bohem., Helmstadt 1699 quarto, p. 49. 3 Cf. Wycliffe, de civ. Dom., i. pref. pp. viii., ix. For further par- ticulars concerning Faulfisch see Dr Loserth's introduction, pp. xvii., seq. 1 5 6 Infra, p. 75, n. 31. P. 89, n. 29. P. 249, n. 8. PREFACE. XI at a village in Northamptonshire, the rector of which, Robert Hoke, was reputed in 1405 to be a heretic, and x was tried and made his recantation in 1425 . The manor-house belonged to the Latimers, and its late owner, sir Thomas Latimer, who died in September, 2 1401, was a well-known Lollard leader . Braybrook too was on the borders of Leicestershire, which was in a sense the headquarters of Lollardy. It is Henry Knighton, canon of Leicester, who says, speaking of the latter years of the fourteenth cen- tury, ' Secta illa in maximo honore illis diebus ha- bebatur, et in tantum multiplicata fuit quod vix duos videres in via quin alter eorum discipulus Wyc- 3 ; lyffe fuerit ' and he gives several specimens of Lollard activity in the neighbourhood of Leicester which have become commonplaces of Wycliffite history. Passing on to the De Ecclesia, which, as we have seen, now stands second in the volume, we find that 4 the second chapter was completed at Kemerton in Gloucestershire, a village lying not many miles from Evesham, the home of the Lollard tailor, Badby 5 John , who was burned in 1410, and between the towns of Tewkesbury and Pershore, which furnished armed support to sir John Oldcastle when he was at Malvern 6 preparing for revolt a few years later .