CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Louisiana State University Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2009 Examining the influence of popular music and poetry therapy on the development of therapeutic factors in groups with at-risk adolsecents Leah Olson-McBride Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Social Work Commons Recommended Citation Olson-McBride, Leah, "Examining the influence of popular music and poetry therapy on the development of therapeutic factors in groups with at-risk adolsecents" (2009). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 634. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/634 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. EXAMINING THE INFLUENCE OF POPULAR MUSIC AND POETRY THERAPY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THERAPEUTIC FACTORS IN GROUPS WITH AT-RISK ADOLESCENTS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The School of Social Work by Leah Olson-McBride B.S.W., University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, 1999 M.S.W., Loyola University of Chicago, 2001 December 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................v CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................1 What Is Poetry Therapy? ..........................................................................................................................1 Poetry Therapy and At-Risk Youth ..........................................................................................................2 Research Purpose and Questions ..............................................................................................................7 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................................................8 Historical Influences ................................................................................................................................8 Types of Poetry Therapy ..........................................................................................................................9 Conceptual and Theoretical Foundations ...............................................................................................14 Poetry Therapy and Theories of Human Development ......................................................................14 Poetry Therapy and Large-Scale Practice Theories ..........................................................................18 Poetry Therapy and Small Group Theory .........................................................................................23 Current State of Knowledge ..................................................................................................................27 Summary of the Current State of Knowledge .......................................................................................34 CHAPTER THREE: METHODS ............................................................................................................36 Research Design ....................................................................................................................................36 Sample ....................................................................................................................................................38 Data Collection .......................................................................................................................................40 Group-Level Data Collection .............................................................................................................40 Individual-Level Data Collection ......................................................................................................42 Additional Data Collection ................................................................................................................45 Variables .................................................................................................................................................47 Independent Variable ..........................................................................................................................47 Dependent Variable ...........................................................................................................................54 Reliability and Validity .........................................................................................................................63 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS ................................................................................................................65 Alternative School Group One ..............................................................................................................65 Demographic Information and Impressions .......................................................................................65 Observation Data ...............................................................................................................................66 Summary of Observation Results ......................................................................................................71 Most Important Event Questionnaire ................................................................................................72 Modified Therapeutic Factors Inventory-S .......................................................................................74 Document Analysis ...........................................................................................................................75 Summary of Group One .........................................................................................................................77 Transitional Living Program Group Two ..............................................................................................77 Demographic Information and Impressions .......................................................................................78 Observation Data ...............................................................................................................................78 Summary of Observation Results ......................................................................................................84 Most Important Event Questionnaire ................................................................................................84 Modified Therapeutic Factors Inventory-S .......................................................................................87 ii Document Analysis ...........................................................................................................................87 Summary of Group Two ........................................................................................................................90 Alternative School Group One ..............................................................................................................90 Demographic Information and Impressions .......................................................................................91 Observation Data ...............................................................................................................................91 Summary of Observation Results ......................................................................................................97 Most Important Event Questionnaire ................................................................................................98 Modified Therapeutic Factors Inventory-S .......................................................................................99 Document Analysis .........................................................................................................................100 Summary of Group One .......................................................................................................................102 CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION ...........................................................................................................104 Research Question 1 .............................................................................................................................104 Research Question 2 .............................................................................................................................105 Group Composition ..........................................................................................................................105 Internalizing versus Externalizing Behaviors ...................................................................................108 Environment .....................................................................................................................................110