DOCUMENT RESUME ED 289 736 SE 048 821 AUTHOR Iozzi, Louis A.; Bastardo, Peter J. TITLE Decisions for Today and Tomorrow: Student Guide. Issues in Science-Technology-Society. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Problem-Zolving and Critical-Thinking. SPONS AGENCY National Energy Foundation, Salt Lake City, UT. PUB DATE Nov 87 NOTE 186p.; For related documents, see SE 048 820-822. AVAILABLE FROMSopris West, Inc., 1120 Delaware Ave., Longmont, CO 80501. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use - Materials (For Learner) (051) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Agriculture; Air Pollution; Artificial Intelligence; Decision Making; *Environmental Education; Genetic Engineering; Hazardous Materials; Nuclear Energy; *Science Activities; *Science and Society; Science Education; Secondary Education; *Secondary School Science; Simulation; *Social Studies; *Technology IDENTIFIERS *Environmental Problems ABSTRACT This student guide was designed to be used with senior high school level classes as a supplement to existing programs in the areas of science and social studies. Each of the 12 chapters included in the guide may be used independently or may be combined into a separate course on the relationships between science, technology, and society. The separate chapters deal with: (1) technology; (2) decision making in a high-tech world; (3) genetic engineering; (4) artificial intelligence; (5) nuclear energy; (6) acid precipitation; (7) hazardous wastes in the environment; (8) food and agriculture; (9) organ transplantation; (10) transportation; (11) robotics; and (12) technology and decision-making. Each chapter of the student guide contains independent reading assignments, discussion questions, activities, and simulations. (TW) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** 4111111111111111:11H DECISIONS FOR TODAY AND TOMORROW: ISSUES IN SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY-SOCIETY A Multidisciplinary Approach to Problem-Solving and Critical-Thinking LOUIS A. IOZZI Cook College Rutgers University and PETER J. BASTARDO New Jersey Di..partment of Education Sponsored By The National Energy Foundation All Rights Reserved Copyright °1987 by Louis A. lozzi 'over artwork by Jon Dee Burton. Used with iiscion of the National Energy Foundation. hook may not be reproduced in whole Or in , " mimeograph or any other means, lut permission. For inform, oris West, Inc. 1120 Delaware Ave gmont, CO 80501 3 ABOUT THE AUTHORS... Dr. Louis A. lozzl is Associate Professor of Science and Environmental Education at Cook College, Rutgers University( New Brunswick, N.J.). He earned a bachelor's degree in science education and elementary education, a master's degree in geology, and a doctorate in science education. His teaching experience ranges from elementary school through graduate univer- sity levels. Dr. lozzi has authored or co-authored more than 80 books, monographs, and journal articles dealing with science, environmental education, education, and science-technology- society issues. He was primarily responsible for writing chapters 1,2,3,4,7,8,9, and 12 and for the overall editing and production of this volume. Dr. Paten!. Bastardo is Manager of the Regional Curriculum Services Unit- Central (New J er- sey Department of Education). i-le earned a bachelor's degree in social studies education and elementary education and a master's degree and doctorate in social studies education. Dr. Bastardo has taught a variety of subjects from the elementary school level through college. He has authored or co-authored several articles and books dealing with social studies, environ- mental education, and issues dealing with science-technology-society. Dr. Bastardo was primarily responsible for preparing chapters 5,6,10, and 11 of this book. 4 ii SPECIAL ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors and publisher would like to acknowledge the NATIONAL ENERGY FOUNDA- TION (Salt Lake City, Utah) and its President Dr. Edward A. Dalton, for its support in developing this volume. .::. NATIONAL The National Energy Foundation (NEF) is a unique nonprofit i ENERGY educational organization devoted to the development and '.." FOUNDATION provision of instructional programs and materials. Supported Resources for Education by resources from business, government and education, NEF is dedicated to presenting energy, science, technol- ogy, and other contemporary issues in an objective and accurate mariner. In an effort to comprehensively provide educational resources, NEF actively participates in coop- erative programs with other educational organizations. Decisions for Today and Tomorrow is one such collabora- tive effort. For more information about NEF contact Dr. Edward Dalton National Energy Foundation 5160 Wiley Post Way, Suite 200 Salt Lake City, UT 84116 (801) 539-1406 iii 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are indebted to many people for their assistance and encouragement during all phases of the development and production of this book. First and foremost we are indebted to our wives - Jaugue line lozzi and Margaret Bastardo - for typing the entire manuscript and for tolerating us during the many long days and nights of writing this manuscript. We also ack- nowledge and thank our good friends, Dr. Duane Webb and Dr. Stuart Horsfal I, and the staff at Sopris West, Inc. for their editoral and production assistance, encouragement, and for simply "being there" whenever we needed them. And again, we want to thank Dr. Ed Dalton and his staff at the National Er ergy Fcundation fry reviewing the manuscript and for making useful comments and suggestions before the "fhie version was completed. There are others far too many to mention individually - who were also helpful during various phases of this project. To them - thanks - we are grateful and pleased to court you among our friends. Louis A. lozzi Peter J. Bastard° 6 iv PREFACE We live in an exciting, rapidly changing, and challenging world a world highly dependent upon science and technology. Because our world is changing so rapidly we sometimes' fail to recognize that much of what we today take for granted as common, everyday occurrences existed only in the imaginations of people just a few short years ago. Advances in science and technology have brought many dreams to fruition. Long before you become a senior citizen, much of today's "science-fiction" will, in fact, become reality. Recall just a few accom- plishments which not too long ago were viewed as idle dreams: New biomedical advances have made it possible to replace defective hearts, kidneys and other organs. The first air flight at Kitty Hawk lasted only few seconds. Now, a little over half a century later, space crafts travel thousands of miles and hour to explore distant planets. Nuclear technology - of interest a few short years ago because of its destructive potential- could provide humankind with almost limitless supplies of energy for peace-time needs. Computertechnology has made it possible to solve in second problems which only a decade ago would require human lifetimes. Science and technology have brought us to the brink of controlling weather - even earth- quakes - and other natural phenomena. Moreover, the changes which we have been experiencing and to which we have beome accus- tomed are occurring at an increasingly rapid rate. Changes, most futurists forecast, will con- tinue and, in fact, even accelerate as we move into the 21 st Century and beyond. But, as Barry Commoner has stated, "There is no such thing as a flee lunch." These great advances will not be achieved without a high price. We are now beginning to experience the adverse effects of our great achievements: Our world's natural resources are being rapidly depleted. Our planet's water and air are no longer pure and clean. Thousands of plants and animal species are threatened with extinction. Nearly half the world's population suffers from malnutrition. Because science and technology have given us tremendous power, we are now confronted with awesome responsibilities to use that power and ability wisely, to make equitable decisions and tradeoffs, and to make valid and just choices when there are no absolute "right" alter- natives. You will soon become one of society's decision-makers. Will you be able to improve upon the decision-making of the past? Will you have acquired the skills and abilities to deal with com- plex problems and to make effective and equitable long range decisions to create a better world? This book has been prepared to help you function more effectively in a rapidly changing world. It is our hope that the contents and activities in this volume will help to prepare you to live life to the fullest, in balance with Earth's resources and environmental limits, and to meet the chal- lenges of tomorrow's world. Louis A. lozzi, Ed. D. Cook College Rutgers University Peter J. Bastardo, Ed.D. RCSU - Central N.J. Department of Education V CONTENTS I. Technology 1 What is Technology? Introduction 3 A Technology Inventory Part A. Mass Production 3 A Technology Activity - Part B. Other Technologies 5 What is Technology? A Definition 7 II. Decision Making in a High-Tech World 9 A General Decision-Making Model 11 The Decision Tree 13 The Decision Matrix 17 III.Genetic Engineering 21 Genes and New Life Forms 23 The Tulelake Story A Case Study 32 You Be the Judge - Part A. Should the Experiment Be Stopped'? 35 You Be the Judge - Part B.