Zootaxa 3917 (1): 001–065 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3917.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D8CB263D-645B-46CE-B797-461B6A86A98A ZOOTAXA 3917 Late Eocene siliceous sponge fauna of southern Australia: reconstruction based on loose spicules record MAGDALENA ŁUKOWIAK Instytut Paleobiologii PAN, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland. E-mail: [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by D. Erpenbeck: 25 Nov. 2014; published: 9 Feb. 2015 MAGDALENA ŁUKOWIAK Late Eocene siliceous sponge fauna of southern Australia: reconstruction based on loose spicules record (Zootaxa 3917) 65 pp.; 30 cm. 9 Feb. 2015 ISBN 978-1-77557-635-8 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77557-636-5 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2015 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2015 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition) 2 · Zootaxa 3917 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press ŁUKOWIAK Table of contents Abstract . 3 Introduction . 4 Geographical and geological setting . 5 Material and methods . 7 Systematic index . 10 Biological interpretation of the morphological types of the spicules—a comparison with living sponges . 12 Order Agelasida Hartman, 1980 . 13 Family Agelasidae Verrill, 1907 . 13 Order Astrophorida Sollas, 1887 . 15 Family Geodiidae Gray, 1867a (Subfamily Geodiinae) . 15 Family Geodiidae Gray, 1867a (Subfamily Erylinae) . 17 Family Pachastrellidae Carter, 1875 . 18 Family Calthropellidae Lendenfeld, 1907. 19 Family Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870 . 20 Family Thoosidae Cockerell, 1925 . 21 Order Hadromerida Topsent, 1894 . 23 Family Clionaidae d’Orbigny, 1851 . 23 Family Polymastiidae Gray, 1867a . 24 Family Suberitidae Schmidt, 1870 . 26 Family Spirastrellidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886 . 26 Family Placospongiidae Gray, 1867b . 26 Family Tethyidae Gray, 1848 . 27 Other spicules of the order Hadromerida . 28 Order Halichondrida Gray, 1867a . 29 Family Bubaridae Topsent, 1894 . 29 Order Haplosclerida Topsent, 1928 . 30 Family Petrosiidae van Soest, 1980 . 30 Order Poecilosclerida Topsent, 1928 . 31 Family Podospongiidae de Laubenfels, 1936 . 31 Family Mycalidae Lundbeck, 1905. 34 Family Guitarridae Dendy, 1924. 35 Family Crambeidae Lévi, 1963 . 35 Family Myxillidae Dendy, 1922 . 36 Family Coelosphaeridae Dendy, 1922. 36 Family Acarnidae Dendy, 1922 . 36 Family Raspailiidae Nardo, 1833 . 37 Family Crellidae Dendy, 1922 . 38 Order Chondrosida Boury-Esnault & Lopès, 1985 . 40 Family Chondrillidae Gray, 1872 . 40 Order Spirophorida Bergquist & Hogg, 1969 . 40 Family Samidae Sollas, 1888 . 41 Class Homoscleromorpha Bergquist, 1978 . 42 Order Homosclerophorida Dendy, 1905 . 42 Family Plakinidae Schulze, 1880 . 42 Other demosponge spicules . ..