National Background Information MoE GEF UNEP UNITAR NATIONAL PROFILE ON CHEMICALS MANAGEMENT IN CAMBODIA Prepared by: Enabling Activities for Development of a National Plan for Implementation of the Stockholm Convention Funded by: Global Environment Facility Technical Consulted by: United Nation Institute for Training and Research Ministry of Environment December 2004 - 1 - National Profile on the Management of Chemicals, 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................................................. 2 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................................ 4 ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYM ...........................................................................................................vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................................iix INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................. x CHAPTER 1: NATIONAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION................................................................ 1 1.1 Physical and Demographic Context .......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Political/Geographic Structure of the Country.......................................................................................... 7 1.3 Agricutural and Industrial Sectors in Cambodia ....................................................................................... 8 1.3.1 Agricultural Sector .......................................................................................................................... 8 1.3.2 Industrial Sector ............................................................................................................................ 11 1.3.3 Summary of the Agriculture and Industrial Sectors ...................................................................... 13 CHAPTER 2: CHEMICAL PRODUCTION, IMPORT, EXPORT AND USE ...................................... 15 2.1 Chemical Fertilizers ................................................................................................................................ 15 2.2 Pesticides................................................................................................................................................. 16 2.2.1 Pesticides Imported for Public Health .......................................................................................... 35 2.2.2 List of Pesticides Permitted and Severely Restricted for Use ........................................................ 35 2.3 Chemical for Pharmaceutical Production................................................................................................ 40 2.4 Industrial Chemical Raw Materials......................................................................................................... 44 2.5 Metals and Their Compound Products.................................................................................................... 71 2.6 Mineral Fuel and Petroleum Products..................................................................................................... 72 2.7 Chemical Products for Consumer Use .................................................................................................... 72 2.8 Chemical Substancs for Laboratory ........................................................................................................ 73 2.9 Chemical Wastes..................................................................................................................................... 84 2.10 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)...................................................................................................... 84 2.10.1 POPs Pesticides....................................................................................................................... 84 2.10.2 POPs PCBs (Polichlorinated Biphenyls, PCBs) ..................................................................... 85 2.10.3 POPs DDT for Public Health Control..................................................................................... 85 2.10.4 Unintentionally POPs By-Products......................................................................................... 87 2.11 Chemical Use by Categories ................................................................................................................... 88 CHAPTER 3: PRIORITY CONCERNS RELATED TO CHEMICAL PRODUCTION, IMPORT, EXPORT AND USE........................................................................................................................................ 89 3.1 Overview of Common Problems Related to Chemicals.......................................................................... 89 3.2 Priority Concerns Related to Chemicals Import, Production and Use .................................................... 90 3.3 Commemts/Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 91 CHAPTER 4: LEGAL INSTRUMENTS AND NON-REGULATORY MECHANISMS FOR MANAGING CHEMICALS.................................................................................... 93 4.1 Overview of National Legal Instruments which Address the Management of Chemical ....................... 93 4.2 Summary Description of Key Legal Instrument Related to Chemicals .................................................. 95 4.3 Existing Legislation by Use Category Addressing Various Stages of Chemicals from Production/Import Through Disposal..................................................................................................... 100 4.4 Summary Description of Key Approaches and Procedures for Managing Chemicals.......................... 100 4.4.1 Procedure of Chemicals Importation (Declaration of Import as for Quality and Safety Issues) .............................................................................................................. 100 4.4.2 Procedure for Fertilizers and Pesticide Exploitation .................................................................. 101 4.4.3 List of Pesticides Banned for Use in Cambodia .......................................................................... 102 4.4.4 Chemicals Substance Severely Restricted for Use ....................................................................... 106 4.5 Non-Regulatory Mechanisms for Managing Chemicals ....................................................................... 106 4.6 Comments / Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 107 CHAPTER 5: GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONS INVOLVE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICALS .......................................................................................................... 109 5.1 Governmental Ministries....................................................................................................................... 109 - 2 - National Background Information 5.2 Description of Ministerial Authorities and Mandates ........................................................................... 110 5.2.1 Ministry of Agriculture forestry and Fisheries ............................................................................ 110 5.2.2 Ministry of Commerce (CAMCONTROL) ................................................................................... 110 5.2.3 Ministry of Economic and Finance (Department of Custom) ..................................................... 110 5.2.4 Ministry of Environment .............................................................................................................. 110 5.2.5 Ministry of Industry Mines and Energy ....................................................................................... 110 5.2.6 Ministry of Health ........................................................................................................................ 110 5.2.7 Ministry of Interior (National Authority for Drugs Control) ...................................................... 111 5.3 Governmental Programs for Managing Chemicals ............................................................................... 111 5.4 Comments/Analysis .............................................................................................................................. 112 CHAPTER 6: RELEVANT ACTIVITIES OF INDUSTRY, PUBLIC INTEREST GROUPS AND THE RESEARCH SECTOR ............................................................................................ 113 6.1 Public Interest Groups Programs for Managing Chemicals.................................................................. 113 6.1.1 Private Organizations Programs for Managing Chemicals ........................................................ 113 6.1.2 Non-Governmental Organizations Programs for Managing Chemicals ..................................... 113 6.1.3 Summary of Expertise Available Outside of Government ........................................................... 114 6.2 Comments/Analysis .............................................................................................................................. 115 CHAPTER 7: INTER-MINISTERIAL COMMISSIONS ......................................................................