Male and Female Reproductive System Bookwork ***YOU DO NOT NEED TO KNOW THE BLUE QUESTIONS- they will NOT be on the test! #2. Which of these is mismatched? a.) Vagina-Penis b.) Testis-Ovaries c.) Labia Majora-scrotum d.) Oviduct-Ductus Deferens ! #3. The myometrium is the muscular layer of the uterus, and the endometrium is the ___________ layer. a.) Serosa b.) adventitia c.) Submucosa d.) Mucosa ! #5. The approximate area between the anus and the clitoris in the female is the: a.) Peritoneum b.) perineum c.) vulva d.) Labia ! #6. Which of the following attach to the ovary? a.) Fimbriae b.) mesosalpinx c.) suspensory ligaments d.) broad ligament ! #7. Human ova and sperm are similar in that: a.) About the same number of each is produces each month b.) They have the same degree of motility c.) They are about the same size d.) They have the same number of chromosomes ! #8. Select the FALSE statement about the cervix of the uterus: a.) It is the superior most part of the uterus. b.) It projects into the vagina c.) Its cervical glands secrete mucus d.) It contains the cervical canal ! #9. Each month, only one: a.) Primary follicle is stimulated b.) Follicle secretes estrogen c.) Vesicular follicle undergoes ovulation d.) Ovary is stimulated ! #10. After ovulation, the ruptured follicle: a.) degenerates b.) becomes a corpus luteum c.) sloughs off as waste material d.) Mends and produces another oocyte. ! #11. The outer layer of the blastocyst, which attaches to the uterine wall, is the : a.) Yolk sac b.) inner cell mass c.) Amnion d.) trophoblast ! #12. The usual and most desirable presentation for birth is: a.) Vertex b.) Breech c.) nonvertex d.) Head first. Short Answer Questions: #1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23 ! #1. What are the primary sex organs, or gonads, of males? Testes What are their 2 major functions? Produce Sperm & testosterone ! #3. What is the function of seminal fluid? To provide a liquid medium for carrying sperm out of the male body into the female repo. tract. Name the 3 glands that help produce it? Prostate, Seminal Vesicle & Bulbourethral ! #4. The penis contains erectile tissue that becomes engaged with blood during sexual excitement. What term is used to describe this event? Erection ! #5. Define ejaculation: propulsion of sperm (in seminal fluid) out of the male’s body. ! #6. Why are the male gonads not found in the abdominal cavity? Internal body temp. is too high for the production of viable human sperm. The lower temp. that is required is provided for by the testes being housed in the scrotum. Where are they found? A divided skin sac that hangs outside the body cavity, posterior to the penis. #7. How does enlargement of the prostate gland interfere with male’s repro. function? Hypertrophy, which surrounds the urethra, constricts the urethral passageway, thus inhibiting the passage of semen. ! #8. What structures in the testes form the sex cells? The seminiferous tubules of the testes form sperm. When does spermatogenesis begin? Puberty What causes it to begin? FSH from the anterior pituitary (LH causes the testes to produce testosterone at the same time, which is necessary for sperm production. ! #11. Name the female gonad and describe its 2 major functions? The ovary. It produces efts (oocytes) and the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone. ! #13. Since the uterine tubes are not continuous with the ovaries, how can you explain the fact that all ovulated “eggs” do not end up in the female’s peritoneal cavity? The distal end of the uterine tubes have fingerlike extensions called fimbriae, which eave and create fluid currents to draw the ovulated body into the uterine tube. ! #14. What anterior pituitary hormones cause follicle development and ovulation to occur in the ovary? FSH promotes follicle development. LH cooperates with FSH in follicle maturation and triggers ovulation. What is a follicle? An immature eft (oocyte) surrounded by one of more layers of smaller cells called follicle cells. What is ovulation? Ejection of an oocyte (surrounded by a capsule of follicle cells) from the ovary. ! #15. The females cell that is ovulated is not a mature sex cell (ovum). When or under what conditions does it become mature? The human oocyte becomes an ovum only if sperm penetration occurs, at which time the secondary oocyte completes the second meiotic division to produce the ovum nucleus and a polar body, which is ejected. #17. List and describe the events of the menstrual cycle. Why is the menstrual cycle important? It provides the uterine environment needed for implantation. ! #18. Define menopause. Period during which a woman’s ovarian function gradually declines and finally ends. What does this mean to a female? Cannot reproduce any more. ! #20. Define Fertilization. Fusion of the sperm and eft nuclei to form the nucleus of the fertilized egg, or zygote. Where does fertilization usually occur? Uterine tube/Fallopian Tube Describe the process of implantation. Implantation involves the erosion of the uterine mucosa by the embryo, and then the covering over the embedded embryo by mucosa regrowth. ! #21. What are the functions of the placenta? Serves to deliver nutrients and oxygen to the embryo/fetus from the mother’s circulation and to remove carbon dioxide and other metabolic wastes from the embryo or fetus’s blood (into the mother’s blood). Also forms the hormones of pregnancy. The placenta serves as a endocrine, respiratory, excretory and nutritional organ for the developing fetus. ! #22. How is a pregnant woman’s body functioning altered by her pregnancy? During pregnancy the woman’s respiratory and urinary systems must function “for two”. Respiration becomes increasingly difficult as the uterus enlarges and presses the abdominal organs superiorly against the diaphragm. Cardiac output and blood pressure also increase to meet the increased circulatory demands. Changes in the woman’s weight distribution and center of gravity make walking more difficult and lead to muscle strains. Urinary frequency sometimes occurs as the uterus presses on the bladder. ! #23. Compare the effects of gains on the male and female reproductive systems. Males: Prostatic hypertrophy, aging males seem to have few age-associated reproductive system problems. Women=reproductive capacity ends during menopause. Problems associated with the relative lack of female hormones after menopause include high blood pressure, bone loss, and predisposition to vaginal infections. .