DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION Religious buildings in transition An international comparison Henrik Lindblad & Eva Löfgren 2016 Translated into English by Ingrid Greenhow 5 January 2018. 1 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Background, purpose and aims ................................................................................................................................ 4 Material and method ............................................................................................................................................... 4 The concept of secularism and World Value Survey ................................................................................................ 5 Global organizations, reports and policies ............................................................................................................... 6 International Religious Freedom Report .............................................................................................................. 6 UNESCO, ICCROM, ICOMOS ................................................................................................................................. 6 European Organizations ........................................................................................................................................... 8 The Council of Europe and the EU........................................................................................................................ 8 Voluntary and other organizations .................................................................................................................... 10 The Nordic countries .......................................................................................................................................... 10 Results and conclusions of the international comparison ......................................................................................... 12 Ownership .............................................................................................................................................................. 13 Legislation .............................................................................................................................................................. 14 Financial conditions ................................................................................................................................................ 15 Development .......................................................................................................................................................... 15 Religious heritage: an international comparison ................................................................................................... 18 National overviews ..................................................................................................................................................... 19 Sweden ................................................................................................................................................................... 19 Religious conditions ........................................................................................................................................... 19 Organisational, legal, financial and administrative conditions. ......................................................................... 20 Religious heritage / building stock ..................................................................................................................... 21 Current situation and debate ............................................................................................................................. 21 Denmark ................................................................................................................................................................. 24 Religious conditions ........................................................................................................................................... 24 Organizational, legal, financial and administrative conditions .......................................................................... 24 Religious heritage / building stock ..................................................................................................................... 25 Current situation and debate ............................................................................................................................. 25 Finland .................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Religious conditions ........................................................................................................................................... 28 Organizational, legal, financial and administrative conditions. ......................................................................... 28 Religious heritage / building stock ..................................................................................................................... 29 Current situation and debate ............................................................................................................................. 29 Norway ................................................................................................................................................................... 31 Religious conditions ........................................................................................................................................... 31 Organizational, legal, financial and administrative conditions .......................................................................... 31 Religious heritage / building stock ..................................................................................................................... 32 Current situation and debate ............................................................................................................................. 33 The Netherlands ..................................................................................................................................................... 34 Religious conditions ........................................................................................................................................... 34 Organizational, legal, financial and administrative conditions. ......................................................................... 34 Legislation religious heritage/cultural monuments ........................................................................................... 35 Religious heritage / building stock ..................................................................................................................... 35 Current situation and debate ............................................................................................................................. 36 Bosnia Herzegovina ................................................................................................................................................ 38 Religious conditions ........................................................................................................................................... 38 Organizational, legal, financial and administrative conditions .......................................................................... 38 Religious heritage / building stock ..................................................................................................................... 39 Current situation and debate ............................................................................................................................. 40 England ................................................................................................................................................................... 42 Religious conditions ........................................................................................................................................... 42 Organizational, legal, financial and administrative conditions .......................................................................... 42 Religious heritage / building stock ..................................................................................................................... 45 Current situation and debate ............................................................................................................................. 46 2 Germany ................................................................................................................................................................. 48 Religious conditions ........................................................................................................................................... 48 Organizational, legal, financial and administrative conditions. ......................................................................... 50 Religious heritage / building stock ..................................................................................................................... 51 Current situation and debate ............................................................................................................................. 51