Han Chinese, Hainanese April 9 GUANGDONG bones. Associated with ancestor worship and •Lingao divination are the Shang HAINAN ISLAND Dan Xian • bronze vessels, the surfaces •Changcheng •Baisha of which are covered with •Tongshi extraordinarily detailed linear •Ledong designs.”2 The Shang Dynasty Scale 0KM80 was overthrown around 1100 Population in China: BC. Chinese have lived on 4,400,000 (1987) Hainan Island since Madame 5,143,600 (2000) Xian — a leader of the Yue 5,812,300 (2010) minority tribes of southern Location: Hainan Island Religion: No Religion China — pledged allegiance Christians: 92,000 to the Sui Dynasty rulers in 3 the sixth century AD. Overview of the Hainanese Customs: Most Hainanese earn their livelihood from Countries: China, Vietnam, Laos fishing or agriculture. Severe Pronunciation: “Hi-nahn” and sudden storms lash the Other Names: Chinese: Qiongwen, Qiongwen, Hainan Chinese Hainan coastline every Population Source: summer, causing massive 4,400,000 (1987 LAC); damage to homes and boats. Out of a total Han population of New industry and factories 1,042,482,187 (1990 census); Also in Vietnam and Laos have sprung up on Hainan in Location: NE Hainan Island and the last decade. Significant along the coastline of most of Paul Hattaway numbers of Hainanese are the island except the northwest Location: Five million Hainanese Chinese employed by the expanding tourist industry Status: Officially included under are concentrated in the northeastern parts which has catered to a growing number of Han Chinese of China’s Hainan (South Sea) Island. They Chinese and foreign tourists since the early Language: Chinese, Qiongwen are located along the coast in a clockwise 1980s. Dialects (5): Fucheng, Wenchang, Wanning, Yaxian, Changgan direction, from the northeast all the way to Religion: No Religion, Buddhism, the west of the island. Religion: Severe persecution of all religious Daoism, Christianity activity during the Cultural Revolution Christians: 92,000 Identity: Included as part of the Han caused the demise of many traditional Scripture: None nationality, the Hainanese are descended Chinese religious practices in the 1960s. Jesus film: None from Chinese who migrated from Fujian at Most of the current generation of Gospel Recordings: various times over the last 15 centuries. Hainanese youth are nonreligious. Hainanese #00366 Christian Broadcasting: Available Language: Hainanese is related to the Min Christianity: The first mention of ROPAL code: CFR04 Nan language of Fujian. Hainanese “has Christianity on Hainan was in 1630 when evolved in unusual directions and is not at Jesuit priests came from Macau and all readily understood by other Min Nan constructed a chapel in Fucheng Township.4 Status of Evangelization peoples.”1 Hainanese is also called The first Protestant missionary on the 68% Qiongwen. Qiongwen is widely spoken island was Carl Jeremiassen, a Danish sea throughout 14 counties and cities of captain, who was employed by the Qing 30% Hainan. Most Hainanese are bilingual in government “to hunt down pirates and Mandarin, while many can also speak smugglers.” Jeremiassen, however, 2% Cantonese. “changed his mind and his profession upon reaching Hainan in 1881… distributing A B C History: The Shang Dynasty (1700–1100 Bibles with one hand and dispensing A = Have never heard the gospel BC): The second dynasty in Chinese history medicines with the other.”5 In 1992 there B = Were evangelized but did not 6 become Christians was the Shang, which lasted for 600 years. were at least 37,000 Protestants and C = Are adherents to any form of The ruling base at the time was the Yellow 3,000 Catholics7 on Hainan Island, most of Christianity River basin in present-day Shanxi, Shaanxi, whom were Hainanese Chinese. In the six and Shandong. Archaeological finds from years since then, one church-planting the Shang period have indicated the movement has established 550 new house presence of “a caste of high priests who churches with 55,000 new believers on the practiced divination using so-called oracle island. HAN CHINESE, HAINANESE 171.