i Wherever You Go, There You Are: A Biographical Reconstruction of Korean Immigrants in the United States by Way of Germany Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Akademischen Grades eines Dr. phil., vorgelegt dem Fachbereich 02- Sozialwissenschaften, Medien und Sport der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz von Poo Lum Jong aus A-San, Südkorea Mainz 2018 i Tag des Prüfungskolloquiums: 17. April 2019 ii iii Contents Chapter 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 Research interest .................................................................................................................... 1 Research purpose .................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter 2. Historical and theoretical background ............................................................... 5 History of Korean guest workers in Germany and their second migration ............................ 5 General background............................................................................................................ 6 Push and pull factors in Korea and Germany ..................................................................... 8 Push and pull factors in Korea, Germany, and the US ..................................................... 10 Biography and Socialization ................................................................................................ 13 Biography ......................................................................................................................... 13 Biography, self, and society ............................................................................................. 17 Biography and analysis..................................................................................................... 18 Biography and socialization ............................................................................................. 20 Chapter 3. Reconstruction method: Objective Hermeneutics ........................................... 23 Methodological view of understanding human beings and their interactions ...................... 23 Latent structure of meaning .................................................................................................. 25 Objectivity ............................................................................................................................ 26 Methodological principles .................................................................................................... 27 Analysis procedure ............................................................................................................... 29 Empirical results .................................................................................................................. 32 Research background ........................................................................................................... 33 iv Research interest .................................................................................................................. 35 Type of protocol ................................................................................................................... 35 Chapter 4. Leaving like a wanderer but remaining a stranger: Eun-Kyung ................. 37 Objective data ....................................................................................................................... 37 Sequential analysis Ⅰ: Analysis and interpretation of beginning of interview .................. 39 Structural hypothesis Ⅰ ...................................................................................................... 55 Continuing interpretation related to structural hypothesis Ⅰ ............................................. 56 Sequential analysis Ⅱ: Analysis and interpretation of the interview .................................. 61 Structural hypothesis Ⅱ ...................................................................................................... 69 Continuing interpretation related to structural hypothesis Ⅱ ............................................. 70 Interpretation of structural hypothesis Ⅰ and Ⅱ .............................................................. 74 Case structure ....................................................................................................................... 75 Chapter 5. A life for others: Hae-Sook .............................................................................. 80 Objective data ....................................................................................................................... 80 Sequential analysis Ⅰ: Analysis and interpretation of beginning of interview .................. 81 Structural hypothesis Ⅰ .................................................................................................... 106 Continuing interpretation related to structural hypothesis Ⅰ ........................................... 107 Sequential analysis Ⅱ: Analysis and interpretation of the interview ................................ 113 Structural hypothesis Ⅱ .................................................................................................... 117 v Continuing interpretation related to structural hypothesis Ⅱ ........................................... 118 Interpretation of structural hypothesis Ⅰ and Ⅱ ............................................................ 121 Case structure ..................................................................................................................... 122 Chapter 6. Unfinished conflicts and continuing a trouble maker’s story: Kyung-Moon ................................................................................................................................................ 125 Objective data ..................................................................................................................... 125 Sequential analysis Ⅰ: Analysis and interpretation of beginning of interview ................ 127 Structural hypothesis Ⅰ .................................................................................................... 147 Continuing interpretation related to structural hypothesis Ⅰ ........................................... 149 Sequential analysis Ⅱ: Analysis and interpretation of the interview ................................ 158 Structural hypothesis Ⅱ .................................................................................................... 169 Continuing interpretation related to structural hypothesis Ⅱ ........................................... 171 Interpretation of structural hypothesis Ⅰ and Ⅱ ............................................................ 174 Case structure ..................................................................................................................... 178 Chapter 7. A taste for making money: Yong-Seok ......................................................... 182 Objective data ..................................................................................................................... 182 Sequential analysis Ⅰ: Analysis and interpretation of beginning of interview ................ 183 Structural hypothesis Ⅰ .................................................................................................... 203 Continuing interpretation related to structural hypothesis Ⅰ ........................................... 204 vi Sequential analysis Ⅱ: Analysis and interpretation of the interview ................................ 210 Structural hypothesis Ⅱ .................................................................................................... 224 Continuing interpretation related to structural hypothesis Ⅱ ........................................... 225 Interpretation of structural hypothesis Ⅰ and Ⅱ ............................................................ 229 Case structure ..................................................................................................................... 232 Chapter 8. Face reflected in a mirror: Hee-Jin ............................................................... 237 Objective data ..................................................................................................................... 237 Case summary .................................................................................................................. 237 Discovering structural hypothesis ...................................................................................... 241 Continual interpretation of structural hypothesis ............................................................... 245 Case structure ..................................................................................................................... 249 Chapter 9. Handling my own life: Kyung-Mi ................................................................... 256 Objective data ..................................................................................................................... 256 Case summary .................................................................................................................. 257 Discovering structural hypothesis ...................................................................................... 261 Continual interpretation of structural hypothesis ............................................................... 265 Case structure ....................................................................................................................