THE REPRESENTATION OF CHARLES DICKENS’ LIFE AS REFLECTED IN PIP IN THE GREAT EXPECTATIONS: A BIOGRAPHICAL STUDY AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By Karisma Kurniawan Wijayanto Student Number : 044214112 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTEMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2009 i ii iii It is better to be a lion for a day than a sheep all your life (Sr. Elizabeth Kenny) iv Imagine there‘s no heaven It’s easy if you try No hell bellows us Above us only sky Imagine all the people Living for to day Imagine there’s no country It’s hard to do Nothing to kill or die for And no religions too Imagine all the people Living life in peace You may say I’m a dreamer, but I’m not the only one I hope some day you’ll join us, and the world believed as one Imagine no possession I wonder if you can No need, no greed, no hungry A brotherhood of men Imagine all the people Sharing all the world (John Lennon) v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my Almighty Allah SWT who gives me the chance to enjoy this beautiful world and for all of the uncountable blessing which are given to me. I also thank Him for the excellent guidance along my way in finishing this undergraduate thesis. Then, I would thank the greatest prophet Muhammad SAW for being my ‘great tauladhan’. I would like also express my deepest appreciation to Dewi Widyastuti, S.Pd., M. Hum for the time to have some consultations. I also thank her for her kindness, understanding, and the patient guidance along the writing process of this thesis. Without her kindness, it is impossible for me to finish this thesis. I also would like to express my greatest thank to Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M. Hum as the reader of my thesis and also to Adventina Putranti, S.S., M. Hum as the main examiner in my thesis defense. Then, I would like to express my sincerest thank to my dearest family, especially for my Mom and Dad who always encourage me to be a better man, and also for the support to finish my study in Sanata Dharma University. I also would like to express my thank to my sisters who always cheer my life up every single day. I would like also to express my thanks to my special friend, Elis Wahyu Indarti for her unconditional love and support. I am also indebted to the lectures and the staffs of Faculty of Letters especially for Mbak Niek for the patience during my study in Sanata Dharma vi University. Besides, I also thank to all my friends such as Ardi for fixing my computer, Oos for the support and inspiration, Lucia for the support and the great friendship, Bayu for the great love sharing, Elly for being my great listener, SRV and Eric Clapton for their great sounds which accompanied me during the writing process of this thesis, Sanata Dharma University for accepting me to be one of the students, Sanata Dharma University Library for the books and the sources to finish this thesis, Panda for the blues materials, Mario, Iwan, Arie, my brother in LOLENLONES, and all my friends who I cannot mention one by one, I owe a particular debt of gratitude to them for giving me spirit to finish this thesis. Karisma Kurniawan W vii TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE .................................................................................... i APPROVAL PAGE ……………………………………………… .. ii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ..................................................................... iii MOTTO PAGE .................................................................................. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................. viii ABSTRACT ....................................................................................... ix ABSTRAK ......................................................................................... x LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN ................................ xi PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN KARYA ........................................... xii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .................................................... 1 A. Background of the Study .......................................................... 1 B. Problem Formulation ................................................................ 5 C. Objective of the Study .............................................................. 5 D. The Definition of Terms ........................................................... 6 CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW ................................... 7 A. Review of Related Studies ....................................................... 8 B. Review of Related Theories ..................................................... 10 1. Theory of Character ...................................................... 11 2. Theory of Characterization ........................................... 12 3. Relation between Autobiography and Literature .......... 14 C. Review on the Biographical Background ................................. 16 D. Theoretical Framework ............................................................. 19 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ................................................ 21 A. Object of the Study ................................................................... 21 B. Approach of the Study .............................................................. 22 C. Method of the Study ................................................................. 23 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ............................................................. 25 A. Pip’s Characteristics ................................................................. 25 B. The Representation of Charles Dickens’ Life........................... 43 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ....................................................... 60 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................. 63 APPENDIX …………………………………………………………. 65 viii ABSTRACT Karisma Kurniawan Wijayanto (2009): The Representation of Charles Dickens’ Life as Reflected in Pip in The Great Expectations: A Biographical Study. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University. This thesis analyzes the novel The Great Expectations written by Charles Dickens. Based on the novel, the writer of this thesis finds that Charles Dickens’ life experience becomes the inspiration in writing his works. From this topic, the writer formulates two problems and they become the objectives of the study. The first problem is to find out how Pip, as the main character is characterized in the novel. The second problem is to find out how the characteristics from the first problem represent Charles Dickens’ life. This thesis is a library research. The primary data are taken from the novel The Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. The others data are taken from some supporting books, such as theoretical books, dictionaries, and some sources which are cited from the internet. The writer of this thesis uses biographical approach as the approach of the study. This biographical approach enables to help the writer making an analysis which has a relation with the author’s biography. Firstly, having analyzed the novel, the writer finds that Philip Pirrip or Pip is described as a round character because the character develops from a poor village boy who is wise in using money into a well-prosperity person who is splendid and wasteful. His early character changes to be mature in his next life. Secondly, the writer also finds some similarities between Pip’s and Charles Dickens’s life which ensures the writer that Charles Dickens’ life has a big chunk in influencing his work. The similarities, such as Pip and Dickens both are lonely child, they both have the same way in learning something, they both have unfulfilled-love. They both also have a big debt. Besides those similarities, there are also some representations such as Pip orphanage is the representation of Dickens’ loneliness, the humiliation is the representation of Dickens’ feeling when he worked in the factory, and Pip’s sister’ bad characteristic is the representation of Dickens’s disappointment toward an injustice condition at that time. Actually, most of experiences are sad experiences and this kind of experience really influences Charles Dickens in writing his novel The Great Expectations. ix ABSTRAK Karisma Kurniawan Wijayanto (2009): The Representation of Charles Dickens’ Life as Reflected in Pip in The Great Expectations: A Biographical Study. Yogyakarta: Program Study Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma. Skripsi ini menganalisis sebuah novel karya Charles Dickens yang berjudul The Great Expectations. Berdasarkan novel tersebut, penulis skripsi menemukan bahwa pengalaman hidup Charles Dickens menjadi sebuah inspirasi dalam penulisan karya-karyanya. Dari topik tersebut, penulis merumuskan dua permasalahan yang menjadi objek dari penelitian ini. Permasalahan pertama adalah menemukan bagaimana Pip sebagai karakter utama digambarkan di dalam novel. Permasalahan kedua, menemukan bagaimana penggambaran karakter dari masalah pertama dapat mewakili kehidupan Charles Dickens. Skripsi ini merupakan penelitian pustaka. Data-data utamanya diambil dari novel The Great Expectations karya Charles Dickens itu sendiri. Data-data lainnya diambil dari buku-buku pendukung seperti buku-buku teori, kamus, dan beberapa bahan informasi dari internet. Penulis skripsi menggunakan pendekatan biografi