ISSN 2318-9673 r1.ufrrj.br/lcc/Coccidia Coccidial distribution from passerines in an area of Atlantic Forest in Marambaia Island, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Bruno do Bomfim Lopes | Bruno Pereira Berto | Ildemar Ferreira | Hermes Ribeiro Luz | Carlos Wilson G omes Lopes Submetido em 11.10.2013 Aceito em 21.10.2013 Abstract Lopes BB, Berto BP, Ferreira I, Luz Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo iden- HR, Lopes CWG. 2013. Coccidial distribu- tificar as espécies de Eimeria Schneider, 1875 tion from passerines in an area of Atlantic e Isospora Schneider, 1881 a partir de oocis- Forest in Marambaia Island, Rio de Janei- tos recuperados de fezes de vários pássaros ro, Brazil. [Distribuição de coccídios de pás- capturados em uma área de Mata Atlântica na saros em uma área de Mata Atlântica na Ilha Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.] Cocci- Isospora tiesangui Berto, Flausino, Luz, Fer- dia 1, 10-16. Departamento de Biologia Ani- reira, Lopes, 2008, Isospora marambaiensis mal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Fede- Berto, Flausino, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2008, ral Rural do Rio de Janeiro. BR-465 km 7, Isospora sepetibensis Berto, Flausino, Luz, 23897-970 Seropédica, RJ, Brasil. E-mail: Ferreira, Lopes, 2008, Isospora cadimi Berto, [email protected] Flausino, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2009, Isospora This study aimed to identify the species of navarroi Berto, Flausino, Luz, Ferreira, Lo- Eimeria Schneider, 1875 and Isospora pes, 2009, Isospora ramphoceli Berto, Fla- Schneider, 1881 from oocysts recovered from sino, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2010, Isospora feces of several passerines captured in an area mionectesi Berto, Flausino, Luz, Ferreira, of Atlantic Forest in Marambaia Island, Rio Lopes, 2009, Isospora feroxis Berto, Flausino, de Janeiro, Brazil. Isospora tiesangui Berto, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2009, Isospora cagasebi Flausino, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2008, Isospora Berto, Flausino, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2008, marambaiensis Berto, Flausino, Luz, Ferreira, Isospora coerebae Berto, Flausino, Luz, Fer- Lopes, 2008, Isospora sepetibensis Berto, Flausino, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2008, Isospora BB Lopes cadimi Berto, Flausino, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, Biólogo Autônomo associado ao Laboratório de 2009, Isospora navarroi Berto, Flausino, Luz, Coccídios e Coccidioses, Universidade Federal Ferreira, Lopes, 2009, Isospora ramphoceli Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). E-mail: [email protected] Berto, Flausino, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2010, Isospora mionectesi Berto, Flausino, Luz, BP Berto | I Ferreira Ferreira, Lopes, 2009, Isospora feroxis Berto, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Flausino, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2009, Isospora Biologia, UFRRJ, BR-465 km 7, 23897-970 Sero- cagasebi Berto, Flausino, Luz, Ferreira, Lo- pédica, RJ, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] pes, 2008, Isospora coerebae Berto, Flausino, [email protected] Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2010, Isospora piaco- brai Berto, Luz, Flausino, Ferreira, Lopes, HR Luz 2009 and Eimeria sicki Berto, Luz, Flausino, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veteriná- rias, UFRRJ. Ferreira, Lopes, 2009 were identified accor- E-mail: [email protected] ding to their respective hosts of the order Pas- seriformes, which inhabit the forest unders- CWG Lopes tory in Marambaia Island. Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, UFRRJ. CNPq fellowship. Keywords oocysts, coccidia, Isospora, Ei- E-mail: [email protected] meria, Passeriformes 10 Coccidia, 1(1), 10-16, 2013 Lopes et al. reira, Lopes, 2010, Isospora piacobrai Berto, entrance of the Sepetiba Bay. Sampling oc- Luz, Flausino, Ferreira, Lopes, 2009 e Eime- curred in eight distinct periods: May and Au- ria sicki Berto, Luz, Flausino, Ferreira, Lopes, gust 2007; August and September 2008, and 2009 foram identificadas de acordo com seus January, April, July and August 2009. The respectivos hospedeiros da ordem Passerifor- points of origin of the fecal samples of birds mes, que habitam o biótopo de sub-bosque na were selected in biotope understory of the Ilha da Marambaia. Atlantic Forest, more precisely distributed in a circumference of 1km of the coordinates 23° Palavras-chave oocistos, coccidia, Isospora, 04' S and 43° 53' W. The passerines birds Eimeria, Passeriformes were captured, identified and had their stool specimens collected by Prof. Dr. Ildemar Introduction Ferreira. A total of 167 fecal samples were collected and transported to the Laboratório The order Passeriformes is the most repre- de Coccídios e Coccidioses located at the sentative of the class Aves. In Brazil, there Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Ja- have been records of more than a thousand neiro (UFRRJ). Samples were placed in a different species, some of which are endemic thin layer (~5 mm) of K2Cr2O7 2.5% solu- (Sick 1997, CBRO 2011, IUCN 2013). The tion in Petri dishes, and incubated at 23– Marambaia Island is considered a conserva- 28°C for 10 days or until 70% of oocysts were tion area and national security, occupied by sporulated. Oocysts were recovered by flota- the General Command of the Marine Corps tion in Sheather’s sugar solution (S.G. 1.20) and although anthropogenic, has a great bio- and microscopically examined using the tech- diversity of birds that represent a sampling of nique described by Duszynski & Wilber passerine species observed in the biomes of (1997). Morphological observations and Atlantic Forest, Restinga and Mangrove measurements, given in micrometers (ìm), (CGCFN, 2005). were made using a Carl Zeiss binocular mi- Similarly to other vertebrates, passerines croscope with an apochromatic oil immersion can be parasitized by coccidia, being that Iso- objective lens and an ocular micrometer (K- spora Schneider, 1881 can be considered the 15X PZO, Poland). Line drawings were pre- genus most important, followed by the genus pared using a Wild M-20 binocular micro- Eimeria Schneider, 1875. These parasites scope with a drawing tube. Photomicrographs have life cycles intestinal although some spe- were taken using a digital camera (Sony CD cies promote extra-intestinal stages. The Mavica MVC-CD250). Size ranges are shown specificity has been the subject of several in parenthesis followed by average and shape questions, mainly because of the systematics index (L/W ratio). of the order Passeriformes often be regrouped, however, it is understood that it is family- Results and discussion specific. Diagnosis of coccidiosis can be done by observation of oocysts in the feces, which Passerines have been identified of 12 dif- are the exogenous forms of these parasites ferent families in the Marambaia Island (Figs. (Berto et al. 2011, Berto & Lopes 2013). 1, 2). The family with the highest species In this context, this study aimed to identify diversity captured was Tyrannidae, while the species of Eimeria and Isospora from Thraupidae was the most representative in the oocysts recovered from feces of several spe- number of specimens. In these 12 different cies of the order Passeriformes captured in an families, only Tyrannidae, Coerebidae, area of Atlantic Forest in Marambaia Island, Thraupidae and Parulidae shed oocysts of the Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. genus Isospora and/ or Eimeria. The passerines were captured apparently Materials and methods healthy, including those infected by coccidia. Totality of passerines captured and identified The research site was the Marambaia Is- and the frequency of positives for families and land, which is situated on the Costa Verde, species can be observed in Table 1. south of the State of Rio de Janeiro, at the The passerines of the Thraupidae family 11 Coccidia, 1(1), 10-16, 2013 Lopes et al. Fig. 1. Passerines captured in an area of Atlantic Forest in Marambaia Island, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: (a) swallow-tailed manakin Chiroxiphia caudata; (b) bananaquit Coereba flaveola; (c) blue dacnis Dacnis cayana; (d) piratic flycatcher Legatus leucophaius; (e) sepia-capped flycatcher Leptopogon amauroce- phalus; (f) Brazilian tanager Ramphocelus bresilius dorsalis . were parasitized with the greatest diversity of fied as Isospora tiesangui Berto, Flausino, species of coccidia, followed by families Ty- Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2008 [44% (4/9)], Isos- rannidae, Coerebidae and Parulidae. Six dif- pora marambaiensis Berto, Flausino, Luz, ferent species of coccidia were observed para- Ferreira, Lopes, 2008 [11% (1/9)], Isospora sitizing the tanagers Ramphocelus bresilius sepetibensis Berto, Flausino, Luz, Ferreira, dorsalis Sclater, Dacnis cayana L. and Lopes, 2008 [78% (7/9)], Isospora cadimi Thraupis palmarum Wied. These were identi- Berto, Flausino, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2009 12 Coccidia, 1(1), 10-16, 2013 Lopes et al. Fig. 2. Passerines captured in an area of Atlantic Forest in Marambaia Island, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: (a) greyish mourner Rhytipterna simplex; (b) sayaca tanager Thraupis sayaca; (c) palm tanager Thraupis palmarum; (d) pale-breasted thrush Turdus leucomelas ; (e) creamy-bellied thrush Turdus amaurochali- nus; (f) red-eyed vireo Vireo olivaceus. [78% (7/9)], Isospora navarroi Berto, Flausi- phocelus bresilius dorsalis shed oocysts of all no, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2009 [67% (6/9)] these species, whereas D. cayana shed I. tie- and Isospora ramphoceli Berto, Flausino, sangui [75% (3/4)] and I. sepetibensis [50% Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2010 [33% (3/9)]. Ram- (2/4)] and T. palmarum shed I. tiesangui 13 Coccidia, 1(1), 10-16, 2013 Lopes et al. Table 1. Totality of passerines captured and identified and the frequency of positives for families and species. Samples Families/ Species/