Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy AJTDE Volume 5, Number 2, June 2017 Table of Contents Editorial A Time For Renewal ii Mark A Gregory Public Policy Discussion The role of regulation in preventing Wi-Fi over-congestion in densely populated areas 1 Frank den Hartog, Jan de Nijs Articles Implementation of PCC-OFDM on a software-defined radio testbed 17 Gayathri Kongara, Jean Armstrong An Evaluation and Enhancement of a Novel IoT Joining Protocol 46 Tyler Nicholas Edward Steane, PJ Radcliffe Utilisation of DANGER and PAMP signals to detect a MANET Packet Storage Time Attack 61 Lincy Elizebeth Jim, Mark A Gregory U.S. Telco Industry History as a Prologue to its Future 98 Carol C McDonough Household bandwidth and the ‘need for speed’: Evaluating the impact of active queue management for home internet traffic 113 Jenny Kennedy, Grenville Armitage, Julian Thomas Social Network Behaviour Inferred from O-D Pair Traffic 131 Mostfa Mohsin Albdair, Ronald Addie, David Fatseas Making ICT Decommissioning Sexy! Challenges and Opportunities 151 Peter Hormann History of Australian Telecommunications Interference to Telephone Lines 35 Simon Moorhead Fact or Fraud? 75 Ian Campbell Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy, ISSN 2203-1693, Volume 5 Number 2 June 2017 Copyright © 2017 i Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy A Time for Renewal Editorial Mark A Gregory RMIT University Abstract: The Telecommunications Association has commenced the second phase of the renewal process that started in 2013. As part of the first phase of this renewal process a key decision was to relaunch the Telecommunications Journal of Australia as the Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy. In addition to the Journal, the Telecommunications Association holds the Henry Sutton and Charles Todd Orations each year in Melb0urne and Sydney respectively. As the second phase progresses, the Telecommunications Association will launch a new brand, update the Association’s website and host the first of what should become an annual two-day telecommunications forum. The first event is to be held in Melbourne in November. For the Journal, key milestones have now been achieved, including being added to the SCOPUS list of indexed Journals and the Australian Research Council’s Excellence in Research for Australia, which is the national research evaluation framework. In This Issue In this issue, the Journal includes topical articles that cover Australian telecommunications, historical events and an article on the state of the U.S. telecommunications industry. The role of regulation in preventing Wi-Fi over-congestion in densely populated areas highlights the need to ensure that Wi-Fi infrastructure installation is managed to prevent a loss of performance caused by interference. Implementation of PCC-OFDM on a software-defined radio testbed provides a description of the development of a testbed used in the development of a software-defined radio implementation of polynomial cancellation coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing on a field programmable gate array based hardware platform. Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy, ISSN 2203-1693, Volume 5 Number 2 June 2017 Copyright © 2017 http://doi.org/10.18080/ajtde.v5n2.114 ii Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy Interference to Telephone Lines introduces a historical paper from 1936 that explores the effects of electrification of country Tasmania and the increasing interference to telecommunication circuits by high voltage power lines installed in close proximity. An Evaluation and Enhancement of a Novel IoT Joining Protocol provides a description of a novel and enhanced Internet of Things to Wi-Fi network joining protocol. Utilisation of DANGER and PAMP signals to detect a MANET Packet Storage Time Attack presents an approach using Artificial Immune System based Danger signals and a Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern signal to identify a Packet Storage Time routing attack in Mobile Ad hoc Networks. Fact of Fraud? describes the rise of the Repetitive Strain Injury phenomena in Telecom Australia over the period 1983-86. U.S. Telco Industry History as a Prologue to its Future considers historical events as a means to highlight the competitive tension between the forces of competition and concentration and the latest battlefield - net neutrality. Household bandwidth and the ‘need for speed’: Evaluating the impact of active queue management for home internet traffic aims to contribute to the policy debate on bandwidth needs by considering more closely what happens in household networks. Social Network Behaviour Inferred from O-D Pair Traffic utilises anonymized Internet Trace Datasets obtained from the Center for Applied Internet Data Analysis to identify and estimate characteristics of the underlying social network from the overall traffic. Making ICT Decommissioning Sexy! Challenges and Opportunities provides an insight into the challenges of decommissioning decision making and uses a framework and case study analysis as a means to improve the timeliness and financial motivations. A Time for Renewal The Telecommunications Association, publisher of this Journal, has commenced the second phase of a renewal process that began in 2013. The next steps include launching a new brand, updating the Association’s website and hosting the first of what should become an annual two- day telecommunications forum. The Telecommunications Forum 2017 is to be held in Melbourne in November with a focus on telecommunications and security. The Australian Government’s telecommunication sector security reforms program has the potential to send a minor tremor through the industry later this year as legislation is passed that could start a major security shakeup within the industry in response to growing international cyber threats. Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy, ISSN 2203-1693, Volume 5 Number 2 June 2017 Copyright © 2017 http://doi.org/10.18080/ajtde.v5n2.114 iii Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy For the Journal, the past year has seen key milestones achieved. The Journal has been added to the SCOPUS list of indexed Journals and over coming years the Journal will build credibility as papers are added and the Journal’s impact factor increases. It is difficult, of course, for public policy related papers about Australian and international telecommunications markets to attract a large number of citations, and it is for this reason the Journal continues to seek high quality papers that present new and novel research related to telecommunications and the digital economy. The Journal has been included in the Australian Research Council’s Excellence in Research for Australia, which is the national research evaluation framework. This is a major outcome for the Journal as it highlights the perceived value of the papers published in the Journal. Over coming months, the Journal website will be updated and additional information added to assist authors through the publishing process. Looking Forward The key themes for 2017 will be International Telecommunications Legislation and Regulations and International Mobile Cellular Regulation and Competition. As the global digital economy evolves it is timely to consider the different telecommunications markets and how each is coping with the transition to next generation networks – the ‘gigabit race’ – and how competition is being fostered with the market. Mobile cellular continues to be an expensive consumer product and for many nations the promise of a competitive mobile cellular market has not eventuated due to the inherent advantages enjoyed by incumbent telecommunication companies during the deregulation years. Papers are invited for upcoming issues and with your contributions the Journal will continue to provide the readership with exciting and informative papers covering a range of local and international topics. The Editorial Board values input from our readership so please let us know what themes you would like to see in the coming year. All papers related to telecommunications and the digital economy are welcome and will be considered for publication after a peer-review process. Mark A Gregory Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy, ISSN 2203-1693, Volume 5 Number 2 June 2017 Copyright © 2017 http://doi.org/10.18080/ajtde.v5n2.114 iv Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy The role of regulation in preventing Wi-Fi over-congestion in densely populated areas Frank den Hartog DoVes Research Jan de Nijs TNO Abstract: Given the ever increasing number of Wi-Fi devices in use by the public, the progressing urbanisation, and the current attempts by the industry to improve Wi-Fi system performance, we here analyse the case of apartment blocks with residents increasingly suffering from Wi-Fi over-congestion. Here, individuals use private Wi-Fi networks in an ''in house'' environment to achieve cordless connectivity to the Internet. We show that Wi-Fi in apartment blocks is a true commons and, therefore, over-congestion can only be avoided by having the individual access point (AP) operators collaborating with each other. We found that such collaboration is not inhibited by current regulation, but neither can it be enforced. However, as AP operators will most likely enter collaboration voluntarily, further regulation is not deemed necessary.