Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 10 May 2021 Version of attached le: Accepted Version Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: Ziogas, I. (2021) 'Etymological Law.', Incontri di lologia classica, 19 . pp. 179-200. Further information on publisher's website: http://hdl.handle.net/10077/32056 Publisher's copyright statement: c Copyright 2021 EUT EDIZIONI UNIVERSITA DI TRIESTE Additional information: Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. 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INCONTRI DI FILOLOGIA CLASSICA XIX 2019-2020 EUT Edizioni Università di Trieste 2021 INDICE Premessa VII Enrico Cerroni Il ‘doloroso’ tra medicina e poesia: usi e frequenza dell’aggettivo ἀλγεινός da Ippocrate al Tardo Antico 1 Lorenza Savignago Sui testimoni della diple ‘metrica’ 21 Etymology and Literary Culture in Greco-Roman Antiquity 53 Gianfranco Agosti – Athanassios Vergados Introduction 55 Athanassios Vergados Hesiod’s Monsters and the Limits of Etymological Signification 59 Ilaria Andolfi «Etymologies through corruption»? Toponyms and Personal Names in Greek Mythography 87 Michael Paschalis Between Theory and Practice. Etymologizing Proper Names in Plato’s Cratylus and Athenian Tragedy 111 Lucia Floridi Speaking Names, Variant Readings, and Textual Revision in Greek Epigrams 135 Arianna Gullo Etymology and Exegesis in Book 7 of the Greek Anthology 157 Ioannis Ziogas Etymological Law 179 Robert Maltby Etymology and Identity in the Appendix Tibulliana 201 - V - INDICE Robbert M. van den Berg A Sticky (γλίσχρος) Affaire (Plato, Crat. 435c): Platonists versus Stoics on How (Not) To Do Etymology and Allegoresis 227 Nicola Zito Etymologies and Puns in Maximus’ Περὶ Καταρχῶν 249 Anna Lefteratou Centonic Variations on a Biblical Theme. Preliminary Case-Studies of Semantic Discrepancies 257 Martina Venuti The Hidden Truth behind Names: Saturnus in the Etymological Interpretation of Late Latin Authors 287 Gianfranco Agosti Wordplays on Proper Names in Metrical Inscriptions of Late Antiquity 311 Indice dei nomi antichi, medievali, bizantini, rinascimentali, dei poeti, degli scrittori e delle opere anonime 335 Indice dei manoscritti 345 Indice dei papiri 346 Indice delle epigrafi 346 - VI - PREMESSA Questo fascicolo degli Incontri di filologia classica presenta una sezione tema- tica in cui sono raccolte le relazioni discusse in occasione del seminario internazio- nale Etymology and Literary Culture in Greco-Roman Antiquity, organizzato da Gianfranco Agosti e Athanassios Vergados presso la School of History, Classics and Archaeology dell’Università di Newcastle il 16-17 dicembre 2019, insieme con altri contributi programmati a integrazione degli argomenti discussi. - VII - DOI: 10.13137/2464-8760/32056 Incontri di filologia classica XIX (2019-2020), 179-200 IOANNIS ZIOGAS Etymological Law* The origins of law coincide with the origins of langua- Le origini del diritto coincidono con quelle del linguag- ge, as both Plato and Horace highlight. Thus, a syste- gio, come evidenziano sia Platone sia Orazio: ne con- matic attempt to discover the etymological roots of segue che scoprire le radici delle parole rivela simulta- words simultaneously reveals the source of legality. The neamente le origini del diritto. Proprio su questa base article examines the etymological doctrina (‘learning’) comune l’articolo mette a confronto la dottrina dei poeti of poets vis-à-vis the etymological reasoning of learned e la riflessione dei giuristi eruditi, mostrando che attivi- jurists. The Twelve Tables, Catullus, and Labeo engage tà etimologiche affini si riscontrano nelle Dodici Tavole, in similar etymological pursuits. Ovid’s Byblis respon- in Catullo e in Labeone; alle etimologie di ques’ultimo ds to Labeo’s etymologies. The jurist Ulpian echoes the risponde il Byblis di Ovidio; il giurista Ulpiano, a sua poetics of Latin love elegy. Lawyers and poets meet on volta, riecheggia la poetica dell’elegia d’amore latina. the common ground of etymology in their attempts to Avvocati e poeti, nel loro tentativo di stabilire la legge, lay down the law. si incontrano sul terreno comune dell’etimologia. The study and practice of etymologizing (ancient and modern) inevitably pro- duces a set of rules that need to be followed in order to uncover the origins and true meaning of words. Every linguist needs a lex etymologica, an etymological law. The word lex (‘law’) has a technical and non-technical meaning: lex can refer to ‘statutes’ or ‘the laws of the state’ (technical meaning), but it can also refer to a ‘rule’, which is not technically the law in a strictly legal sense. Varro, for instance, in De lingua Latina VII 18 refers to ‘poetic law’ lege poetica, which, in this pas- sage, is more about poetic licence. Poets, Varro says, are allowed to describe the whole (Aetolia) by referring to one part (Calydon) (Varro here describes what we call pars pro toto). Language, and poetic language in particular, follows specific rules or laws. More to the point, Varro explicitly compares the linguistic with the legal system in De lingua Latina IX 20 (an non saepe ueteres leges abrogatae nouis cedunt? ‘Aren’t old laws often repealed and replaced by old laws?)1. Varro is here discussing a variety of linguistic changes, including vocabulary and morphology, to illustrate historical change. A new word is legitimate and should be accepted, if it has been introduced according to a ratio (‘reasoning’ LL IX 20), a key term for both jurists and linguists in their aims to provide principles that govern linguistic or legal phenomena. * Many thanks to Athanassios Vergados and Gianfranco Agosti for inviting me to the conference. I am also grateful to two anonymous referees for their constructive feedback. 1 On this passage, see Duso 2017, 163-164; De Melo 2019, 1117. Translations are from the Loeb editions, often modified. - 179 - IOANNIS ZIOGAS The interplay between the technical and non-technical meaning of lex can be a source of poetic inspiration. Horace’s Satire II 1 revolves around this ambiguity. In this poem, Horace consults the famous jurist Trebatius Testa about the legal issue of writing satire, a genre in which freedom of speech is an indispensable re- quirement. While Horace uses the word lex to discuss the rules of the satiric genre, Trebatius is concerned about poetry which may break the law. As Michèle Lowrie puts it, the