Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan and Carboniferous/Permian Coal−Paleozoic Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China (based on geologic studies for the 2000 World Energy Assessment Project of the U.S. Geological Survey) 114° 122° Heilongjiang 46° Mongolia Jilin Nei Mongol Liaoning Liao He Hebei North Korea Beijing Korea Bohai Bay Bohaiwan Bay 38° Basin Shanxi Huang He Shandong Yellow Sea Henan Jiangsu 0 200 MI Anhui 0 200 KM Hubei Shanghai Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5010 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan and Carboniferous/Permian Coal−Paleozoic Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China (based on geologic studies for the 2000 World Energy Assessment Project of the U.S. Geological Survey) By Robert T. Ryder, Jin Qiang, Peter J. McCabe, Vito F. Nuccio, and Felix Persits Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5010 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2012 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. On the cover: Bohaiwan basin (outlined in red) in a regional setting. From Allen and others (1997). Suggested citation: Ryder, R.T., Qiang, Jin, McCabe, P.J., Nuccio, V.F., and Persits, Felix, 2012, Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan and Carboniferous/Permian Coal−Paleozoic Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China (based on geologic studies for the 2000 World Energy Assessment Project of the U.S. Geological Survey): U.S. Geological Survey Scien- tific Investigations Report 2011–5010, 89 p. iii Contents Foreword .........................................................................................................................................................1 Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................2 Acknowledgments .........................................................................................................................................2 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................2 Province Geology ...........................................................................................................................................7 Geographic Setting ...............................................................................................................................7 Stratigraphic Setting ............................................................................................................................7 Tectonic Setting ....................................................................................................................................9 Exploration History as of June 2001 ..........................................................................................................11 Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System (312701) .......................................12 Petroleum Occurrence ......................................................................................................................12 Source Rocks.......................................................................................................................................14 Introduction.................................................................................................................................14 Stratigraphic Units .....................................................................................................................14 Member 3 of the Shahejie Formation ............................................................................14 Member 1 of the Shahejie Formation ............................................................................16 Member 4 of the Shahejie Formation ............................................................................16 Member 2 of the Kongdian Formation ...........................................................................16 Member 3 of the Dongying Formation ...........................................................................16 Geochemical Characteristics ..................................................................................................16 Source Rocks in Member 3 of the Shahejie Formation ..............................................16 Oil-Source Rock Correlations .........................................................................................16 Natural Gases ....................................................................................................................18 Pods of Thermally Mature Source Rock ................................................................................18 Burial History, Hydrocarbon Generation, and Migration .............................................................18 Burial History and Hydrocarbon Generation .........................................................................18 Migration .....................................................................................................................................21 Overburden Rocks ..............................................................................................................................21 Shahejie Formation Overburden .............................................................................................21 Dongying Formation Overburden ............................................................................................21 Regional Post-Paleogene Uplift and Guantao Formation Overburden .............................22 Trap Styles for Oil and Gas Fields .....................................................................................................22 Structural Traps ..........................................................................................................................22 Stratigraphic Traps ....................................................................................................................22 Reservoir Rocks ..................................................................................................................................26 Sandstone Reservoirs ...............................................................................................................26 Jiyang Subbasin ................................................................................................................26 Liaohe Subbasin ................................................................................................................26 Jizhong Subbasin ..............................................................................................................26 Huanghua Subbasin .........................................................................................................26 Linqing/Dongpu Subbasin ...............................................................................................27 Bozhong Subbasin ............................................................................................................27 iv Carbonate and Crystalline Basement Reservoirs ................................................................27 Liaohe Subbasin ................................................................................................................27 Jizhong Subbasin ..............................................................................................................27 Seal Rocks............................................................................................................................................27 Assessment Units ...............................................................................................................................28 Tertiary Lacustrine Assessment Unit ......................................................................................28 Pre-Tertiary Buried Hills Assessment Unit ............................................................................28 Potential Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources as of June 2001 ......................................31 Onshore ..............................................................................................................................31 Offshore ..............................................................................................................................31 Carboniferous/Permian Coal–Paleozoic Total Petroleum System (312702) .......................................31 Petroleum Occurrence ......................................................................................................................31 Source Rocks.......................................................................................................................................33