Computational Research Progress in Applied Science & Engineering ©PEARL publication, 2017 ISSN 2423-4591 CRPASE Vol. 03(03), 123-131, September 2017 A Prioritization Model for the Immunization of Accident Prone Using Multi-criteria Decision Methods and Fuzzy Hierarchy Algorithm Hasan Ziari, Amir Amini, Amir Saadatjoo, Sayyed Mohsen Hosseini, Vahid Najafi Moghaddam Gilani School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran Keywords Abstract Immunization, Suburban accidents are more significant than intercity accidents in terms of both material Correction potential, and spiritual damages due to the vehicle’s high velocity. Based on the statistics, the mortality Accidents intensity index, rate in suburban routes accounts for more than 69% of total casualties caused by accidents Multi-criteria decision in Iran. In this study, it has been attempted to determine a model for assessing and making, prioritizing the immunization of accident prone sections of Qazvin-Abyek-Zanjan highway Fuzzy hierarchy algorithm. using various methods such as economic analysis, accidents intensity (RSI), Bayesian probability in accident prediction, AHP-GIS and AHP-Fuzzy. The results showed that the ranking of the accident prone sections’ correction is affected by the type of pattern and indicators used to assess the safety of the sections. Finally, with the implementation of fuzzy hierarchy algorithm, using the survey of safty specialists and determining the weights of input factors to the model by the expert choice (EC) software and fuzzy function, a comprehensive model is presented for assessing and prioritizing the correction of incidental events. According to the model’s acheivements, Buin Zahra-Rahim Abad three way with BSIP index of 0.596 meets the highest correction prioritization among the different sections, while Qazvin-Buin Zahra section has the lowest one with the BSIP index value of 0.148. between the cost and accidents intensity. suburban accidents 1. Introduction meet the intensity of 6.5 times than the urban collisions [2]. During the recent years, due to the inappropriate status of During the recent years, various studies have been carried road accidents in Iran, many actions have been carried out to out on the subject area of traffic safety and prioritization ensure the safety of traffic and improve the performance of correction of the accident prone sections in the world and in the transportation industry. The average annual cost of road Iran. accidents and their damages is estimated as 1% of the gross In 2007, Moreno and his coassociates investigated and national product for the low income countries. This value is identified the incidental points by implementing Bayesian calculated as 1.5% for the medium income countries and 2% multi-criteria methods. The aim of that study was to rank the for rich ones and those with high incomes. The annual cost specified areas and determine the place or point of danger in of the accidents is estimated over than 518 billion US dollars detaile as well as accurate review as the first step in around the glob from which nearly 65 billion dollars is the improving the transportation safety. In this research, two portion of low income and medium income countries [1]. methods of Bayesian structure are imployed including the Based on the available statistics, the mortality rate in Bayesian test with weights (BTW) and Bayesian test suburban routes constitudes more than 69% of the total controlling for the posterior false discovery rate (FDR) or casualties due to the accidents of Iran. Although suburban false negative rate (FNR). The hypotheses tests are accidents due to the high velocity and collision’s intensity implemented on the basis of two random effect or Bayesian are less in terms of the number of accidents than the intercity models, namely, the hierarchical Poisson-Gamma or ones, they are more important from the aspects of the negative binomial model and the hierarchical Poisson model. material and spiritual damages. As illustrated by several Present acheivements showed that using the hierarchical researches, the ratio of the number of suburban accidents to Poisson structure is more effective for modelling the the urban ones was estimated as 0.5 in 1997. However, the accidents data and the model selection has a considerable damages cost ratio of the suburban crashes to urban ones was impact on the results [3]. about 3.5. Based upon these statistics and the relation Corresponding Author: E-mail address: [email protected] – Tel, (+98) 2177243100 – Fax, (+98) 2177240398 Received: 12 May 2017; Accepted: 28 August 2017 123 Ziari et al. - Comput. Res. Prog. Appl. Sci. Eng. Vol. 03(03), 123-131, September 2017 Agrawal et al. introduced the ranking method for the combining the different analyses within the frame of the hazardous places of the road based on the safety index and AHP-Fuzzy combined method. In addition, the presented using the AHP [4]. They used a four-step hirerchical model, provided that the necessary data is available, is structure for identifying and ranking the hazardouse capable of prioritizing and evaluating all the roads in the locations in the straight sections of the highways, curves and country and improving the safety of the accident prone intersections. Washington and co-authors in a study in 2013 sections. identified the accident prone sections using the equivalent property damage only (EPDO). They have attempted to 2. Research Methodology introduce a simple as well as effective method of With respect to the fact that the goals considered in this determining the damages caused by the accidents and the study include more than one indicator and each indicator incidental points of the roads by means of mixing the costs more than one sub-indicator, weighing and valuing the goals in terms of the developed EPDO criteria. The results of the study which carried out on the local roads of South Korea and indicators accounts for the design necessities of the illustrated that using the developed criteria EPDO has a safety prioritization pattern. Several approaches are available for weighing to the under studed y indexes. which The suitable ability for determining the high-risk locations and weightings are mainly based on the specialists’s opinions correcting them with regard to the productive costs [5]. and each one has their its own advantages and disadvantages. Using the generalized pareto distribution (discontinuous In the present current study, weighing the goals and indexes model with three parameters), Perito et al. [6] suggested a in the field of safety is also performed using the experts’ model for determining the accident prone points of road opinions as well. Using an appropriate method for weighing incidents. They have attempted to clarify that the occurences the experts’ opininions is of a high importance. Otherwise, of the road traffic network for the specific accidents, named the final model is inable of presenting satisfactory results. It as the adventurous points, may be determined by the use of has been efforted in this study to use different approaches for the simple probabilistic distribution models. They used the the correction as well as betterment prioritization of the accidents data of Spain between 2003 and 2007 and the data accident prone sections. The dDifferent implemented collection were simulated by implementing the generalized methods are described in the following sections. pareto distribution models and lumax discrete distribution. The results further show that the probabilistic models are 2.1. RSI capable of detrmining and analyzing the incidental points of road accidents [6]. In this criteria, the classified model of the traffic safety In a study in 2015, Fancello et al. investigated the safety index in is defined considering the three indexes associated condition of road transportation using quantitative and with the accidents intensity. These indexes include the qualitative data. In their study, the number of accidents, accidents intensity recommended by Portugal’s association traffic flow rate, lane width, shoulder width, road curvature, of the roads (IG), EPDO index recommended by the global access-point density, and signs and marks beside the road association of the roads (PIARC), and the intensity index have been considered as the effective parameters on the (SI) which stands for the ratio of the type to the number of safety. The appropriate points of correction have also been accidents. and itThe latter is was recommended by the determined by analyzing the roads specifications under the transportation center of Alabama University (UTCA) [16]. effect of these parameters. Furthermore, it has been The three mentioned intensity indexes describing the attempted to examine road’s safety condition by multi- effect of accidents on different sections of the road network criteria analyzing process and determine a simple as well as are based on the variaous principles. The IG parameter only appropriate model based on the case studies for assessing the determines the safety index based on the relative severity safety index [7]. level of the accidents . The EPDO parameter solely defines Due to the high importance of the safety in road the safety index according to the financial damage caused by transportation, several other studies can be found in the the accident, while, SI evaluates the intensity based upon the literature dealing with this subject. From the applied methods injuries and financial losses