Page 1 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RULE OF LAW, TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS Page 2 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RULE OF LAW, TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS Page 3 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RULE OF LAW, TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS Page 4 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RULE OF LAW, TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL SARAJEVO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RULE OF LAW, TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS Page 5 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RULE OF LAW, TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS Page 6 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RULE OF LAW, TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RULE OF LAW, TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS Volume 1 Authors: Amina Alijagic Ana Ljubojevic Azra Somun Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Cristian Gherasim Tiergartenstraße 35 Andreea Cristina Nowak D-10785 Berlin Elena Atzen Germany Francesca Capone Phone: +49 30 269 96 453 Ian Bausback Fax: +49 30 269 96 555 Marjolein Schaap Website: www.kas.de Milos Bogicevic Nicola Sibona Rule of Law Program South East Europe Noemie Turgis Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Stela Nenova 50 Plantelor Street Teresa Fernández Paredes Sector 2 Vera Riffler RO-023975 Bucharest Romania For the Publisher: Tel.: +40 21 323 31 26 Almin Škrijelj Fax: +40 21 326 04 07 e-mail: [email protected] Editorial board: Website: www.kas.de/rspsoe Lana Ačkar Adnan Kadribašić and Redactor: Association "PRAVNIK" Lejla Hadţimešić Porodice Ribar 49 Sarajevo , 71000 Proofreading: Bosnia and Herzegovina Caleb Waugh e-mail: [email protected] Website: www.pravnik-online.info Print run: 200 Sarajevo, December 2010 CIP Cataloguing in Publication Data available from National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina COBISS BIH ID =xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ISSN xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx The present publication is distributed free of charge. The responsibility of the content of this publication lies exclusively with the authors. Page 7 Page 8 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RULE OF LAW, TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS CONTENTS PREFACE .............................................................................................................................................................. 10 A WORD FROM THE EDITOR ............................................................................................................................... 12 WHAT IS TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE? BY NOÉMIE TURGIS............................................................................................................................................... 14 QUANTITATIVE IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE RESEARCH: NO SINGLE TRUTH IN PLACE? BY VERA RIFFLER ................................................................................................................................................. 21 SOME ASPECTS OF THE GENOCIDE CASE AND THE (NON) ACHIEVEMENT OF TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE BY AMINA ALIJAGIĆ ............................................................................................................................................... 32 IS PLEA BARGAINING IN INTERNATIONAL WAR CRIMES TRIBUNALS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL IN THE PROCESS OF RECONCILIATION? BY MILOŠ BOGIĈEVIĆ ............................................................................................................................................ 46 CRIMINAL PROSECUTION AND TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE:DOES PLEA BARGAINING HELP IN FOSTERING RECONCILIATION?PLEA AGREEMENTS BEFORE THE BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA WAR CRIMES CHAMBER BY ELENA ATZENI ................................................................................................................................................. 54 REPORTS ON THE TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE EXPERIENCE IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BY AZRA SOMUN................................................................................................................................................... 60 CITIZENS‟ PARTICIPATION WITHIN THE LEGISLATIVE PROCEDURE OF THE OFFICE OF THE HIGH REPRESENTATIVE OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA IN LIGHT OF ARTICLE 3 PROTOCOL 1 TO THE ECHR BY MARJOLEIN SCHAAP ......................................................................................................................................... 70 “TOMORROW PEOPLE, WHERE IS YOUR PAST?”TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE MECHANISM AND DEALING WITH PAST IN SERBIA AND CROATIA BY ANA LJUBOJEVIĆ ............................................................................................................................................. 82 15 YEARS OF WALKING BUT HOW MANY STEPS?TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE AND THE ROLE OF THE PRINT MEDIA IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BY STELA NENOVA ................................................................................................................................................ 90 THE RIGHT TO REPARATION FOR WAR-AFFECTED CHILDREN SPECIAL FOCUS ON BIH BY FRANCESCA CAPONE ........................................................................................................................................ 98 ACCOMMODATING SOCIAL JUSTICE INTO TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE MECHANISMS THE CASE OF NORTHERN UGANDA BY ANDREEA CRISTINA NOWAK ..............................................................................................................................111 TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE IN DEMOCRATIZATION PROCESSES: THE CASE OF SPAIN FROM AN INTERNATIONAL POINT OF VIEW BY TERESA FERNÁNDEZ PAREDES ..........................................................................................................................124 LUSTRATION LAW IN POST-COMMUNIST ROMANIA CASE STUDY: COUNCIL FOR THE STUDY OF SECURITY ARCHIVES BY CRISTIAN GHERASIM .......................................................................................................................................140 BIH FROM DAYTON TO THE EUROPEAN UNION BY NICOLA SIBONA ..............................................................................................................................................150 THE EUROPEAN UNION AND SECURITY SECTOR REFORM IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO BY IAN BAUSBACK ...............................................................................................................................................158 Page 9 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RULE OF LAW, TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS PREFACE The international work of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung aims at, inter alia, promoting the establishment and consolidation of democratic states based on the rule of law. This holds particularly true for the foundation‘s work in countries which transition from authoritarian/totalitarian regimes to pluralistic democracies, and/or which are challenged with post-conflict reconstruction. The countries of South Eastern Europe (SEE), in particular the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, are among such countries in transition. For their endeavor to establish and consolidate a democratic state based on the rule of law two factors are key: Firstly, countries in transition need to face their past since there is no sustainable consolidation of democracy without a true confrontation with the past. And secondly, highly motivated and talented young people need to be supported since they are the ones who will shape their countries‘ future. The International Summer School Sarajevo (ISSS) targets both. It is for this reason that the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung – through its regional Rule of Law Program South East Europe – supported the ISSS from its very beginning in 2006: The Summer School is not only the product of a small group of outstanding former law students from one of the most conflict- ridden countries in South Eastern Europe, i.e. Bosnia and Herzegovina; it also brings together highly qualified young scholars from the SEE region, other parts of Europe, and the US with experienced professionals to receive first hand insight into crucial aspects of human rights and transitional justice through a unique blend of theory, practice and experience. This happens with the aim to empower future decision makers to work to establish the rule of law in transitional countries, and to influence changes in transitional countries towards sustainable rule-of-law governance. The articles published in this book reflect both the seriousness with which the students participated in the Summer School, and the high quality of their work. The authors not only analyze the difficult challenges countries in transition face when dealing with their past, but also offer solutions for transitional justice. I would like to congratulate the editors and authors of this valuable collection of essays. I wish the publication a great success: May it not only be used as a source of inspiration for students, academics, practitioners in the field of rule of law, transitional justice, and human rights alike, as well as for politicians and other opinion-makers, but also contribute to the further strengthening of peace and democratic stability in the countries of South Eastern Europe. It is my hope that the countries of the region, after a decade of post-war reconstruction and two decades of post- communist/-socialist system transformation finally come to terms with their (recent) past. The ISSS with its important publication can partly contribute to this. Dr. Stefanie Ricarda Roos, M.A.L.D. (Ms. Roos was the director of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung's Rule of Law Program South East Europe from April 2006 - May 2010.) Page 10 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RULE OF LAW, TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS PREFACE The idea of having an international summer school in Sarajevo