46 QUADERNS DEL CAC Participation, citizenship and communication 2020 Vol. XXIII - July 2020 ISSN (online): 2014-2242 / www.cac.cat QUADERNS DEL CAC 46, vol. XXIII - July 2020 Editorial board: Salvador Alsius (editor), Victòria Camps, Dolors Comas d’Argemir, Rafael Jorba, Elisenda Malaret, Santiago Ramentol, Joan Manuel Tresserras Director: Emili Prado Editorial staff: Sylvia Montilla (General Coordinator) Staff: Imma Cabré, Davínia Ligero, Martí Petit, Manel Riu and Alexandra Sureda. Scientific Advisory Board Quaderns del CAC is a half-yearly electronic journal published in Monica Ariño (Ofcom, London), Lluís Bonet (Universitat de June and December in Catalan, Spanish and English. Paper edition Barcelona), Milly Buonanno (Università degli Studi di Roma “La was published from issue 1 (any 1998) to issue 35 (December Sapienza”), Enrique Bustamante (Universidad Complutense de 2010). Madrid), Marc Carrillo (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona), Divina Frau-Meigs (Université Paris 3-Sorbonne), Ángel García The journal wants to motivate critical analysis and debate on culture Castillejo (Comisión del Mercado de las Telecomunicaciones), and media. Edited by the Catalan Audiovisual Council, is intended Maria Jesús García Morales (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), as a platform for approaching to the field of audiovisual media and François Jongen (Université Catholique de Louvain), Margarita culture from multidisciplinary perspectives and it gives a special Ledo (Universidade de Santiago de Compostela), Joan Majó attention to the European and international research framework. (Cercle per al Coneixement), Jesús Martin Barbero (Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota), Andrea Millwood Hargrave The issues opens with the invited article, followed by the mono- (International Institute of Communications, Oxford University), graphic section that analyzes a subject form different approaches. Miquel de Moragas (Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona), Nancy The section “Articles” consists of original and unpublished articles Morris (Temple University, Philadelphia), Tomás de la Quadra- accepted after their submission to a double-blind peer review pro- Salcedo (Universidad Complutense de Madrid), Alessandro Pace cess, after an initial assessment of quality by the Editorial board. (Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”), Jordi Pericot The journal undertakes to respond the authors of the positive or (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona), Francisco Pinto Balsemão negative result of the process in less than a month and a half after (European Publishers Council), Emili Prado (Universitat Autònoma the submission of the article. de Barcelona), Monroe E. Price (University of Pennsylvania), Artemi Rallo (Universitat Jaume I, Castellon), Philip Schlesinger (Glasgow The manuscript submission guidelines for articles and book reviews University), Miquel Tresserras (Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona), are at the final pages of every issue. Imma Tubella (Universitat Oberta de Catalunya), Manuel Ángel Vázquez Medel (Universidad de Sevilla), George Yúdice (University The opinions expressed in the articles published in Quaderns del of Miami), Ramón Zallo (Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko CAC are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflected the Unibertsitatea). journal position. Catalan Audiovisual Council President: Roger Loppacher i Crehuet Vice president: Salvador Alsius Clavera Legal Deposit: B.21287-2011 (English electronic version) Secretary: Daniel Sirera Bellés ISSN (paper): 1138-9761 / ISSN (online): 2014-2242 Members of the Council: Carme Figueras i Siñol and Yvonne Griley http://www.cac.cat i Martinez mail: [email protected] c. dels Vergós, 36-42 - 08017 Barcelona Tel. 93 557 50 00 - Fax 93 557 00 01 www.cac.cat - [email protected] QUADERNS ISSN (online): 2014-2242 / www.cac.cat DEL CAC Content Introduction 3 Articles 89 Monographic Theme: Participation, citizenship and CLÀUDIA GONZÁLEZ DEUMAL communication 5 Analysis of media literacy initiatives by schools and local media in Catalonia 89 Guest author MARIUS DRAGOMIR Voting with your wallet: the real meaning of citizen Critical Book Reviews 99 participation in the media 5 CARMEN PEÑAFIEL JAVIER MARZAL-FELICI, MARÍA SOLER-CAMPILLO AND CARLOS LÓPEZ- FRANCÉS DOMENÈC, M.; OROZCO GÓMEZ, G. Documentación y OLANO producción transmedia de contenidos audiovisuales 99 Citizen participation and public media. Results of focus groups on academics, professionals and experts in social dynamization SARA SUÁREZ-GONZALO 11 HINTZ, A.; DENCIK, L.; WAhl-JORGENSEN, K. Digital Citizenship NATALIA QUINTAS-FROUFE AND MONTSERRAT VÁZQUEZ-GESTAL in a Datafied Society 101 The RTVE audience Ombudsman as a mediator in the resolution of complaints about the children's channel Clan (2010-2015) 23 Agenda 103 ELOI CAMPS DURBAN Books Review 103 Participation in Community Radio: a proposal for analysis Journals Review 107 based on the concepts of symbolic resistance and media Websites Review 111 literacy 33 Manuscript submission guidelines 113 JOSÉ EMILIO PÉREZ MARTÍNEZ Books Review guidelines 115 Madrid’s free radio stations: local media and neighbourhood participation in the 1980s 43 List of Quaderns del CAC reviewers. Period 2015-2020 117 ISABEL LEMA BLANCO Deficient regulation of community media in Spain: the case of Cuac FM 53 ÁNGEL GARCÍA-CASTILLEJO, MANUEL CHAPARRO-ESCUDERO AND LARA ESPINAR-MEDINA Amendment of the Andalusian Audiovisual Law by Decree-Law 2/2020 and the privatisation of local public media. Impact and constitutionality analysis 61 TIFFANY MARQUES, JORGE FERRAZ DE ABREU AND RITA SANTOS Unification of audio-Visual content over iTV, a trigger to attract younger generations to the big screIn: the case of Ultra TV 71 EmmA TORRES-ROMAY AND SILVIA GARCÍA-MIRÓN Influencers and coronavirus. Contents on the COVID-19 pandemic in social network prescriber publications in Spain (2020): the case of Instagram 77 1 Quaderns del CAC 46, vol. XXIII - July 2020 QUADERNS ISSN (online): 2014-2242 / www.cac.cat DEL CAC Introduction Issue 46 of Quaderns del CAC is all about Participation, Citizens and the Media. The growing interest prompted by the participatory paradigm, which has emerged following the changes in the media ecosystem led us to invite the research community to share their insights. The response has been very encouraging, and we would like to stress this in particular because this issue has been produced in the middle of the COVID-19 crisis, which impacted authors and reviewers just like the rest of us. As a result of everybody’s efforts, the reader now has several contributions that explore the various aspects of the topic. Our guest author in this issue is Marius Dragomir, Visiting Professor at the Central European University (Budapest), where he leads the Center for Media, Data and Society after more than a decade working for the Open Society Foundations in London as head of the Program on Independent Journalism and the Network Media Program. From his prime vantage point he examines in his paper, Voting with your wallet: the real meaning of citizen participation in the media, the dynamics between citizen participation and business models in order to place the sustainability of independent journalism at the forefront of the debate. He looks at the connection between two aspects which are much discussed separately but rarely interrelated: the changing model of journalism funding and citizen participation in the media. Javier Marzal-Felici, María Soler-Campillo and Carlos López-Olano address public service media. In their paper entitled Citizen participation and public media. Results of focus groups on academics, professionals and experts in social dynamization they confirm the crisis of legitimacy of these media as part of the changes affecting the media ecosystem. They also note the role that citizen participation can play as a tool for legitimising public service and curbing its loss of social relevance. Finally, the article additionally underscores the function of co-creation as a potential framework for citizen participation in public media. Natalia Quintas-Froufe and Montserrat Vázquez-Gestal examine participation from the perspective of audience complaints about public service media. In their paper The RTVE audience Ombudsman as a mediator in the resolution of complaints about the children’s channel Clan (2010-2015) they describe actions taken by parents of children watching the specialised public channel Clan in which they share their concerns with the Ombudsman about its contents. In addition to presenting the institution and setting out the issues which bring about unease, the paper picks out some benefits arising from this interaction such as the explanation of principles which can enhance the media literacy of families. Eloi Camps Durban looks at the community radio experience. In his article Participation in Community Radio: a proposal for analysis based on the concepts of symbolic resistance and media literacy he reviews examples of participatory content by drawing on case studies chosen from community radio station projects in the Catalan media space. The paper starts from the assumption that participation in these alternative media projects is inseparable from contributing to content creation and suggests the concepts of symbolic resistance and media literacy as a framing for analysis. José Emilio Pérez Martínez takes us back to one of the most authentic experiences of media participation: free radio. In his article Madrid’s free radio stations: local media and