Land at St Mellons, Cardiff Archaeological desk-based assessment May 2018 GGAT report no. 2018/030 Project no.P1950 A report for Cardiff Parkway Developments Ltd National Grid Reference: By Daria Dobrochna Dabal MA and ST 25048 80915 Sophie Lewis-Jones BA ACIfA The Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd Heathfield House Heathfield Swansea SA1 6EL Land at St Mellons, Cardiff: archaeological desk-based assessment Contents Page Summary…….. .......................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... 3 Copyright notice ....................................................................................................................... 4 Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................... 4 1. Legislation, Policy and Guidance........................................................................................ 5 Legislation .................................................................................................................................. 5 Policy………………......................................................................................................................... 5 Standards and Guidance .............................................................................................................. 6 Local Development Plan ............................................................................................................. 7 2. Methodology for study ......................................................................................................... 8 Sources……… ............................................................................................................................ 8 Assessment criteria ..................................................................................................................... 8 Hedgerow Regulations .............................................................................................................. 11 3. Background ......................................................................................................................... 13 Location, Topography and Geology ...................................................................................... 13 General historical and archaeological background ................................................................... 15 Site Specific Archaeological Background ................................................................................ 16 Previous investigations and potential for remains .................................................................... 17 4. Review of Cartographic, Aerial and Documentary Resources: ..................................... 22 Cartographic (Appendix I and II) ............................................................................................. 22 Aerial Photography (Appendix II and IV) ................................................................................ 23 Documentary ............................................................................................................................. 23 5. Walkover Survey ................................................................................................................ 25 6. Archaeological Interests .................................................................................................... 26 7. Assessment .......................................................................................................................... 29 Effect of the proposed development on archaeological sites .................................................... 29 Justification of assessment ........................................................................................................ 30 Indirect effect of the development on archaeological sites and landscapes.............................. 30 8. Mitigation ............................................................................................................................ 31 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................ 32 Appendix I: Map Regression ................................................................................................. 35 Appendix II: Plates ................................................................................................................. 40 Appendix III: Tithe Apportionment ..................................................................................... 50 Appendix IV: Aerial photographs with coverage of the allocation area ........................... 54 Appendix V: HER gazetteer .................................................................................................. 55 GGAT Project Gazetteer Core P1931 ....................................................................................... 55 GGAT Project Gazetteer Event P1931 ..................................................................................... 63 Appendix VI: RCAHMW gazetteer ...................................................................................... 79 Plates Plate 1. Plans of the estates [of Cefn Mably] surveyed by William Jones, 1767 (DKT/E/1/1, plan 15) ....... 40 Plate 2. Plans of the estates [of Cefn Mably] surveyed by William Jones, 1767 (DKT/E/1/1, plan 16) ....... 41 Plate 3. Plan of proposed Railway line through St Mellons, Peterstone Wentloog, and Marshfield parishes, 1896 (DA/130) .................................................................................................................. 42 Plate 4. Map showing boundaries (existing and proposed) of Cardiff Borough, Cardiff Rural District, Magor and St Mellons Rural District, and Penarth Urban District, 1947 (BC/CD/21/4) ......... 43 Plate 5. Aerial photography of 1960 (6010 58 RAF 3806 F22 079) showing the proposed development area. Note intact field pattern of the fields and reens. North to the top of the photo ......................... 44 1 Land at St Mellons, Cardiff: archaeological desk-based assessment Plate 6. Altered colour aerial photography of 1981 (8103 MAFF 55 04) showing the southern part of proposed development. Note probable remains of Medieval/Post-Medieval ridge and furrow (fine lines on the whole length of fields). North to the right 45 degrees ..................................... 45 Plate 7. Aerial photography of 1991 (1938 191 0040) showing the western edge of proposed development. Image shows drainage measures (rectangular lines within the field boundaries) and probable remains of Medieval/Post-Medieval ridge and furrow (lines on the whole length of field to the left). North to the top of the photo ................................................................................................. 45 Plate 8. View of the development area from the business park, view to the south ........................................ 46 Plate 9. Sluice along the northern boundary of the development area, view to the south west ................... 46 Plate 10. Sluice leading to Greenlane Reen, view to the south west ............................................................... 47 Plate 11. Greenlane Reen, view to the north west ............................................................................................ 47 Plate 12. Bridges along the eastern boundary of the development area, view to the south .......................... 48 Plate 13. Footbridge over Greenlane Reen, view to the west .......................................................................... 48 Plate 14. Faendre Reen, view to the south east ................................................................................................. 49 Plate 15. Sluice leading to Faendre Reen, view to the east .............................................................................. 49 Tables Table 1: Identified archaeological interests within Study Area ...................................................................... 26 Table 2: Direct effects of the development on archaeological interests ......................................................... 29 Table 3: Tithe Apportionment for the Parish of St Mellons ........................................................................... 50 Table 4: Tithe Apportionment for the Parish of Peterstone, Monmouth ...................................................... 53 Figures Figure 1: Location of the site showing the proposed development area (red outline) within the study area (green outline), sites of archaeological interest (red), Roman road orange, and registered historic landscape (pink) ................................................................................................................ 14 Figure 2. Archaeological events (ground intrusive works only) listed on the HER ...................................... 21 Figure 3: Tithe Map of 1846 showing the development area (red) ................................................................. 35 Figure 4: First Edition Ordnance Survey map (1883) showing the development area (red) ....................... 36 Figure 5: Second Edition Ordnance Survey map (1901) showing the development area (red) ................... 37 Figure 6: Third Edition Ordnance Survey map (1920) showing the development area (red) ..................... 38 Figure 7: Fourth Edition Ordnance Survey