Reviews of National Policies for Education for Policies National of Reviews Reviews of National Policies for Education Tertiary Education in Chile Reviews of National Policies Education has been a central priority of Chile since the return of a democratic for Education government in 1990 and remains a priority as Chile prepares itself for OECD membership. A firm commitment to access and equity has led to ever-increasing Tertiary Education numbers of young people entering tertiary education, which poses challenges for financing and quality. The government has successfully responded to these Public Disclosure Authorized in Chile challenges, but, as enrolment continues to grow, new policies will need to be implemented to achieve the goal of a world-class tertiary education system responsive to the requirements of a global economy. This joint OECD and World Bank review gives a brief overview of post-secondary education in Chile and describes its development over the past twenty years. It presents an analysis of the system and identifies key directions for policy reform in light of the challenges encountered by officials, communities, enterprises, educators, parents and students. It concludes with a set of key recommendations concerning the structure of the system and its labour market relevance; access and equity, governance and management; research, development and innovation; internationalisation; and financing. This report will be very useful for both Chilean professionals and their international counterparts. Public Disclosure Authorized Tertiary Education in Chile Tertiary The full text of this book is available on line via this link: www.sourceoecd.org/education/9789264050891 Those with access to all OECD books on line should use this link: www.sourceoecd.org/9789264050891 SourceOECD is the OECD online library of books, periodicals and statistical databases. For more Public Disclosure Authorized information about this award-winning service and free trials ask your librarian, or write to us at [email protected]. ISBN 978-92-64-05089-1 91 2009 01 1 P www.oecd.org/publishing -:HSTCQE=UZU]^V: WORLD BANK Public Disclosure Authorized 912009011cov.indd 1 10-Feb-2009 3:00:40 PM 912008161.fm Page 1 Tuesday, February 10, 2009 11:34 AM Reviews of National Policies for Education Tertiary Education in Chile 912008161.fm Page 2 Tuesday, February 10, 2009 11:34 AM ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD. OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation’s statistics gathering and research on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as the conventions, guidelines and standards agreed by its members. This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation, the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, or of the governments they represent. Also available in Spanish under the title: Revisiones de Políticas Nacionales de Educación La Educación Superior en Chile Photo credit: © Anton Andronov – Fotolia.com Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda. © OECD and the International Bank Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, 2009. You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to [email protected]. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at [email protected] or the Centre français d'exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) [email protected]. FOREWORD – 3 Foreword Significant progress has been made in the reform of tertiary education in Chile since the OECD review of 2004. As a society, Chileans value education and it is a subject of frequent and intense public debate and successive governments have responded to social demand through reforms to basic, secondary, and tertiary education. The tertiary education sector has been and remains dynamic in important ways and Chile has been successful in moving from an elite to a mass tertiary education system, while maintaining education quality. This joint OECD and World Bank report provides an overview of the impressive forward thinking and steadfast application of reform in Chile as the country prepares itself for accession to the OECD. Against the background report prepared by the Chilean authorities for the OECD Thematic Review of Tertiary Education and information supplied in meetings in the course of sites visits (Santiago, Arica, Antofagasta, Concepción, Iquique, La Serena, Talca, Temuco, and Valparaíso), the examiners’ report covers the full range of tertiary education in Chile. The report gives an analysis of the achievements of the last decade and the challenges that Chile faces in the quest of providing a world class system for its citizens in the light of the economic, social and political context of the country. The review provides an in-depth study and recommendations on access and equity; the relevance of the system; its governance and management; research and development; and financing. The final chapter brings together, in the form of a synthesis, the specific recommendations of each chapter and sets out how policies can and should be addressed. This review of tertiary education policy was undertaken within the framework of the programme of work of the OECD Directorate for Education in partnership with the World Bank. The financing for the review was provided by the government of Chile and the World Bank. Members of the review team were: Caroline Macready (United Kingdom), Rapporteur, former Deputy Director in the Department for Education and Skills; Mary Canning (Ireland) Higher Education Authority of Ireland, former Lead Education Specialist, World Bank; Francisco TERTIARY EDUCATION IN CHILE – ISBN-978-92-64-05089-1 © OECD AND IBRD/THE WORLD BANK 2009 4 – FOREWORD Marmolejo (Mexico), Executive Director, Consortium for North American Higher Education Collaboration (CONAHEC) and Vice President for Western Hemispheric Programs at University of Arizona, USA; Simon Schwartzman (Brazil) Institute for Studies on Labour and Society (IETS), Rio de Janeiro and former President of the Brazilian Statistical and Geographical Institute; Peter Tindemans (The Netherlands), Global Knowledge Strategies and Partnerships, former Director for Research and Science Policy; Ian Whitman (OECD Secretariat), Head of Programme for Co-operation with Non Member Economies; Michael Crawford (World Bank), Senior Education Specialist, Latin American Human Development Department; and Jamil Salmi (World Bank), Tertiary Education Co- ordinator. The team was assisted by Ginette Mériot and Emily Groves (OECD); Ricardo Reich and Ana-María Quiroz (Ministry of Education of Chile). Barbara Ischinger Pedro Alba Director for Education Director, Southern Cone Countries OECD World Bank TERTIARY EDUCATION IN CHILE – ISBN-978-92-64-05089-1 © OECD AND IBRD/THE WORLD BANK 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS – 5 Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................ 9 Executive summary ........................................................................................... 11 Chapter 1. Overview .......................................................................................... 19 About Chile ..................................................................................................... 19 Economy and society ...................................................................................... 20 Chile in the international context .................................................................... 21 International education comparisons ............................................................... 22 Chile’s education system outlined ................................................................... 25 Secondary education and its effect on entry to tertiary education ................... 26 Purpose, objectives and standards of tertiary education .................................. 30 The recent history and