Meaning beyond the Clause in Critical Discourse Analysis: Ideational Function with Systemic Functional Linguistics Approach Chalimah1, Riyadi Santosa1, Djatmika1, Tri Wiratno1 1Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Jebres, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia Keywords: Meaning beyond the clause, Critical discourse analysis, Systemic functional linguistics, Transitivity Abstract: Critical discourse analysis in the religious context is now a significant issue to be investigated through the linguistic way because the discourse shows the strength of language. The aim of this research is to make the world understand and reject the discrimination in religion. This study used descriptive qualitative method to describe the ideational function by using transitivity analysis to analyze the experiential realities in a phenomenal speech delivered by one of the religious leaders in Myanmar, Ashin Wirathu, who put a pressure on Islam. This research drew on finding from a study of verbal social process through Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) to look at discourse critically. The research finding shows that the speech created the discrimination by showing Buddhist’s insecurity, dissatisfaction, and hatred signs to Muslim through processes in transitivity. This discrimination is clearly shown from the data: using 62% of verbs with negative meaning about Muslim in material process; using negation as much as 43% in mental process about Muslim,; 100% verbal process from Wirathu indicated that all information taken from Wirathu’s only; using 92% of behavioral process to complain about Muslim ideology; using 61% of relational process to describe negative value about Muslim. 1 INTRODUCTION he could convince that war was the right thing to do to get honor in the God’s side. From critical Giving pressure through language has become an discourse analysis, it can be assumed that the essential thing to be investigated. The power of crusade happened not only for the sake of God but it language can make many people trust and follow to had other implicit strategy to get position in politic do something even it really takes a risk. It creates a and economy. It is believed that all religions in this conflict when it deals with the ideology. Ideology is world actually teaches us peace in fact, differences used by Government and leader of religion to show among religions become a reason not to live in peace their role and their identity. particularly stimulated by the leader’s speech, for Critical discourse analysis is used to find out the instance in crusade war done by Paus Urbanus II implicit code behind the overt propositions in the (Jackson 2009); (Ul & Wani 2013); (Madaniyah social and political context. The discourse shows the 2015); (Gada 2015); (Prijanto 2017) face of the speakers or the writers and it appears as The similar conflict recently happens in the same reflection from the past, the recent time, or Myanmar in Asia especially for the Rohingya even the future. The language shows the value of people. They are Islamic people and have conflict culture, norms, belief, and ideology (Caldas- with Buddhist people. The conflict was triggered by coulthard & Coulthard 2003); (Pragmatics & Buddhist leader’s speech named Wirathu. He asked Linguistic 2009). people to drive out Rohingya people because of Referring to history, the crusade war was caused difference in belief, politic, and economic sections by the speech delivered by Paus Urbanus II who (Mujiraharja 2015). wanted to get the land called Jerusalem as their holy The research gap of this research is seen from the land. He created the war through his speech because different locus, focus, subject of the research, and the theoretical base. This study investigated the 14 , C., Santosa, R., , D. and Wiratno, T. Meaning beyond the Clause in Critical Discourse Analysis: Ideational Function with Systemic Functional Linguistics Approach. DOI: 10.5220/0008215200140020 In Proceedings of the 1st Bandung English Language Teaching International Conference (BELTIC 2018), pages 14-20 ISBN: 978-989-758-416-9 Copyright c 2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved Meaning beyond the Clause in Critical Discourse Analysis: Ideational Function with Systemic Functional Linguistics Approach language power and the implicit language meaning process can be in direct or in indirect speech, such through oral media, especially for speech delivered as: say, ask, tell. by the religion leader of Buddhist in Myanmar The next process is behavior process. This related to the conflict of Rohingya. This study process uses verbal in doing an action (Santosa focuses on the use of grammar to find out the 2003). The process functions to show the people that meaning beyond the clause through transitivity the speaker has done something through his verbal or analysis. his statement. It means that verbal process has the main function to give information what he has done through saying. The relational process is divided into two parts namely attributive relational 2 LITERATURE REVIEWS process and identification relational process. This process functions to describe people and objects. It A large number of researches have conducted a also describes the abstract items such as belief and critical discourse analysis to investigate the power this process can be also used to explain and convince and the ideology in president’s speech (Wang 2010); the listeners indirectly. The relational process is used (Alvi et al. 2011); (Kondowe 2014); (Ar, Studi & as linking verbs and as verbs in identifying Inggris 2015); (Chalimah & Sumarlam 2017); (Al- something. momani 2017) however there is limited study on The last process is existential process. This other leader’s speech such as religion leader process is used to show that something existed. The therefore this study attempts to analyze a speech existential process can be used as a proof that what from a Buddhist’s leader –Wirathu- using (Halliday the government or the leader said is true. This process 1994); (Halliday 1985) on systemic functional has great contribution if it is correlated with the other grammar especially for the experiential meaning and processes. For instance, the leader of the religion the logical meaning through ideational function. makes a statement in material process about what The ideational function: experiential meaning Rohingya people did in the politic, and the evidence reflects the real experience of the participants by shows that there are many of them have high position analyzing the process and the circumstance. Its in the government. It can be seen further and function is to convey new message or new described clearly from the data analysis in the next information reflecting the events and the discussion. experiences. According to (Santosa 2003) & (Wang According to (Caldas-coulthard & Coulthard 2010), there are six kinds of process in the 2003) critical linguistics has close relation to history experiential meaning: material process, mental rather than sociology. In fact, linguists aim to process, verbal process, behavior process, relational understand values in terms of social, economic, process, existential process. political formations and diachronically changes Material process has a functional meaning to therefore critical linguistics such as critical discourse describe what the government or the leaders have analysis is equal to history and sociology since been achieved, what they are achieving, and what present value reflects value in the past. As (Caldas- they will achieve. It also has a purpose to arise the coulthard & Coulthard 2003) suggests that it is confidence and attains a support from the listener of essential to seek out the semiotic potential of the the speech (Wang 2010). grammar through the speech articulation and value. The next process is mental process. It is believed Beyond language, the speech shows as public that the function of mental process is to make other communication with its own characteristics, social people feel to have close relation with speaker and recognition, value, and effect. The value can be even they are willing to devote to do something as analyzed especially from the relational process. The the speaker asks to do as (Wang 2010) says mental attribute given to the carriers will show whether it is process describes about what the government or the about happiness, insecurity, or dissatisfaction (Martin leaders have felt, seen, and thought and shows the & Rose 2007). intended meaning then it can be connected to the This study focuses on investigating meaning that political belief between the speaker and the listener. the verbs show in transitive and intransitive verbs Furthermore, it shows the speaker’s emotion and where the actor or the subject did something. hope in the speech. Moreover the study also considers the value of the Another process is verbal process and this verbs whether the verbs have a positive or negative process shows the art of saying (Santosa 2003). The meaning in showing emotion. speaker wants to show the important position the person who states the information and indicates specific person who have the same perception to be given the information. The words used in the verbal 15 BELTIC 2018 - 1st Bandung English Language Teaching International Conference 3 METHOD the verbal process, the behavioral process, the relational process, and the existential process. 3.1 Research Design Table 1: Transitivity in material process (Muslims) This study applied descriptive