Review of Chinookan Peoples of the Lower Columbia • Along the Trail Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation February 2015 Volume 41, No. 1 The Intimate Journey of Lewis and Clark The Threat on Kaw Point Mrs. Johnson and the Student Corps of Discovery Meriwether Lewis and William Bartram EXPERIENCE LEWIS & CLARK EXPEDITION STYLE Visit recreated Corps of Discovery campsites, hike to a scenic waterfall, explore the shoreline by expedition landing craft, and dine on fantastic regional specialties from sustainable farms and wineries along our route. Explore the Columbia & Snake Rivers aboard the 62-guest National Geographic Sea Bird or Sea Lion. Bene t from a historian, naturalists, a geologist, and Lindblad-National Geographic certi ed photo instructor. 7 DAYS | Sep. 21, 22, 28, Oct. 3, 4, 27 LEARN MORE AT EXPEDITIONS.COM/LEWISANDCLARK Call 1.800.EXPEDITION TM or your travel agent for details. Contents Message from the President 3 My Friend and Companion: 5 The Intimate Journey of Lewis and Clark By William Benemann The Threat on Kaw Point: 17 Redoubt at the Kansas River By Dan C. D. Sturdevant “Low Light at the Three Forks,” by Charles Fritz, p. 7 Lewis and Clark, and Arden: 21 Mrs. Johnson and the Student Corps of Discovery By Richard D. Scheuerman Meriwether Lewis and William Bartram: 28 Did They Ever Meet? By Tom Dillon Review: Boyd, Ames, and Johnson, Chinookan Peoples of the Lower Columbia, 31 reviewed by James R. Sayce Along the Trail: Great Falls, Montana inside back cover Middle school Lewis & Clark Snake River field trip, p. 25 Bartram home and gardens, p. 28 On the cover: “The Wishram Land at Sunrise,” by Charles Fritz We Proceeded On welcomes submissions of articles, proposals, inquiries, and letters. Writer’s guidelines are available by request and can be found on our website (www.lewisandclark.org). Submissions may be sent to Robert Clark, WSU Press, P.O. Box 645910, Pullman, WA 99164-5910, or by email to [email protected]. The Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc. P.O. Box 3434, Great Falls, MT 59403 406-454-1234 / 1-888-701-3434 Fax: 406-727-3158 www.lewisandclark.org Our mission: As Keepers of the Story ~ February 2015 • Volume 41, Number 1 Membership Information Stewards of the Trail, the Lewis and Clark We Proceeded On is the official publication Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc. Membership in the Lewis and Clark Trail provides national leadership in of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Founda- Heritage Foundation, Inc. is open to the tion, Inc. Its name derives from a phrase that maintaining the integrity of the Trail public. Information and applications are and its story through stewardship, appears repeatedly in the collective journals of available by writing Membership Coordina- the expedition. ©2014 scholarship, education, partnership tor, Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Founda- and cultural inclusiveness. E. G. Chuinard, M.D., tion, P. O. Box 3434, Great Falls, MT 59403 Founder, We Proceeded On or on our website, www.lewisandclark.org. Officers ISSN 02275-6706 We Proceeded On, the quarterly magazine President Editor of the Foundation, is mailed to current mem- Margaret Gorski Robert A. Clark bers in February, May, August, and November. Stevensville, MT Washington State University Press Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted Vice-President Volunteer Proofreaders and indexed in Historical Abstracts and Steve Lee H. Carl Camp and Jerry Garrett America: History and Life. Clarkston, WA Publisher Annual Membership Categories: Immediate Past-President Washington State University Press Student: $30 Clay Smith Pullman, Washington Basic: $49 Port Townsend, WA Editorial Advisory Board Basic 3-Year: $133 Secretary Family: $65 Philippa Newfield Wendy Raney, Chair Barbara Kubik Heritage: $100 San Francisco, CA Pullman, WA Vancouver, WA Explorer: $150 Treasurer Jay H. Buckley Glen Lindeman Jefferson: $250 John Toenyes Provo, UT Pullman, WA Discovery: $500 Great Falls, MT H. Carl Camp J.I. Merritt Lifetime: Omaha, NE Pennington, NJ Steward: $995 Directors at large Robert C. Carriker Robert Moore, Jr. Captain: $2,500 Della Bauer, Omaha, NE Spokane, WA St. Louis, MO President: $5,000 Sue Buchel, Garden City, ID Carolyn Gilman Gary E. Moulton Lynn Davis, Spirit Lake, IA The Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Founda- Dick Fichtler, Florence, MT Washington, DC Lincoln, NE tion, Inc. is a tax-exempt nonprofit corporation. James Holmberg Philippa Newfield A portion of your dues may be tax deductible. Ella Mae Howard, Great Falls, MT Lousville, KY San Francisco, CA Donations are fully deductible. Barbara Kubik, Vancouver, WA Mark Nelezen, Oshkosh, WI Kris Townsend, Spokane, WA Jerry Wilson, Versailles, IN WE PROCEEDED ON Mark Weekley (ex-officio-NPS), Omaha, NE Staff (Back issues, 1974–current) Lindy Hatcher, Executive Director All back issues of our quarterly historical Don Peterson, Administrative Assistant journal are available. Some of the older Shelly Kath, Library Assistant Lora Helman, Bookkeeper issues are copier reproductions. Orders We Proceeded On is published four times a for a collection of all back issues receive year in February, May, August, and November a 30 percent discount. Order your miss- by the Washington State University Press in Pullman, Washington, for the Lewis and Clark ing issues to complete your set. Call Trail Heritage Foundation, 4201 Giant Springs 1-888-701-3434, mail your request to Rd., Great Falls, Montana 59405. Current P.O. Box 3434, Great Falls, MT 59403, issue: February 2015, volume 41, No. 1. ISSN 02275-6706 or order at [email protected]. Incorporated in 1969 under $10 originals or cds Missouri General Not-For-Profit $4 shipping & handling Corporation act. IRS Exemption Certificate No. 501(c)3, Identification No. 510187715. 2 We Proceeded On February 2015 February 2015 We Proceeded On 3 President’s Message A Message from the President toric Trails and their partner associa- It is clear that the trails community tions, like us. Since I attended my first has reached a common understand- PNTS conference, I have seen a sig- ing that The National Trails System nificant evolution and maturation of Act defines trails as more than just the thought about what it means to be asso- trace on the ground. It also includes ciated with a National Historic Trail. the setting traversed by the travelers. How can we help agencies carry out As a teaching tool, it is much more their responsibility to manage the trails powerful and instructive if one can while achieving our respective organi- actually experience history in the same zational missions? Early work focused setting where it took place. That is, on how to find, mark, and interpret the after all, one of the primary reasons the trails. Today’s discussions have turned trails were congressionally designated to protection of the most important in the first place: to provide public rec- places on our trails from negative and reational opportunities in places where often irreversible impacts created by significant historic events took place. non-conforming actions within the We learn through these opportunistic As I began writing this message, the viewsheds of historic sites on the trail, experiences. phrase “may you live in interesting most notably by energy development. Of course not all places along the times” popped into my head, most There has been a significant increase in thousands of miles of trail are equally likely because the nation’s midterm the number of wind turbines, oil pads, important, and not all places can real- election has just passed. But the phrase roads, pipelines, transmission lines, istically or practically be preserved. might also have been stimulated by the mines, and other developments on But the increasing number of threats fact that I have just returned from the or very near many National Historic to significant places on the trails has annual National Historic Trails Con- Trails. Projects are being developed highlighted the urgency to complete ference convened by the Partnership in many previously untouched places the job directed by The National for the National Trails System (PNTS) where, up to now, we have enjoyed Trails System Act to identify the trail (www.pnts.org) in Salt Lake City, retracing historic events, following his- corridors on the ground and to make Utah. Although the phrase is thought torical footsteps, imagining what the every effort to make these important to be a Chinese curse, I think it can be explorers and pioneers saw and expe- places visible and known to the public. interpreted as a call to make sense out rienced without many noticeable mod- I am proud to see all the effort of confusing times; to look past obvi- ern intrusions. Opportunity to provide exerted by dedicated members of the ous barriers to see opportunity. public comment on these projects is Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foun- The National Historic Trail Sys- generating much conversation about dation to do just that. The recent tem faces many challenges in the cur- the exact location and definition of regional meeting in Kingston, Tennes- rent political climate. Funding sources “the trail.” Is it just the mark on the see, highlighted efforts to place inter- and the way work is accomplished are ground where people traveled, or the pretive signs at Fort Southwest Point, changing, prompting the trails com- center of the river? Or does it include where no Lewis and Clark interpre- munity to ask where we should turn the landmarks referenced in journals, tation had existed before. The “Go our attention and what our priorities letters, and diaries; the plants and ani- Adventuring” marketing project (for- should be in order to pass these trea- mals observed, collected, and recorded, merly “Lewis and Clark Country”) has sures on to future generations? The or that sustained life for the travelers? been very well received by the tour- PNTS Conference was attended by Does it include everything you can see ism divisions in the “Mid-Mo” states, agencies that administer National His- from significant historic locations? the Dakotas, and Montana.