COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENTAL -I MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR TRANSIT RESETTLEMENT SITES AT MANKHURD, TURBHE MANDALE -' - - )AND WADALA Public Disclosure Authorized w_ >X6 E E507 Volume 8 m- ^ - | Final Report P,W-- Public Disclosure Authorized >, > ~~~~~~~~~~SUBMITTD TO: t ~ ~ ~ f -' ~~~MUMBAI METROPOLITAN r .r ~~~~REGION DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Public Disclosure Authorized ( i-7 J ~< ECOSMARTINDIA LIMITED .- *-> Ž -.< -- w THE IL&FS FINANCIAL CENTRE -~ ~ = --~..-:BANDRA - KURLA COMPLEX MUMBAI - 400 051 Public Disclosure Authorized APRIL, 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ...................................... i-iu Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Background ........................................... 1 1.2 Objectives ........................................... 3 1.3 Study Approach ........................................... 3 1.3.1 Approach for Developing the CEMP ............................................ 3 1.3.2 Approach for Environmental Restoration Plan .............................. 4 1.4 Restoration Structure ................................. 5 Chapter 2 Land Use and Environmental Setting 2.1 Introductiono6 2.2 Site 1 - Mankhurd Transit Resettlement Site .................................. 6 2.2.1 Location and Access .......................................... 6 2.2.2 Topography and Natural Features .......................................... 7 2.2.3 Land Use within 500m Radius of the Site ..................................... 7 2.2.4 Environmental Impacts due to neighboring Land Use ..................... 7 2.3 Site II - Turbhe Mandale 8 2.3.1 Location and Access 8 2.3.2 Topography and Natural Features .8 2.3.3 Land Use within 500m Radius of the Site .9 2.3.4 Environmental Impacts due to neighboring Land Use . 9 2.4 Site III - Wadala 9 2.4.1 Location and Access 9 2.4.2 Topography and Natural Features .10 2.4.3 Land Use within 500m Radius of the Site .10 2.4.4 Critical Concerns due to Locational Aspects .10 Chapter 3 Assessment of Environmental Impacts 3.1 Introduction 11 3.2 Site I - Mankhurd 12 3.2.1 Impact of Surrounding Land Use on the Site .12 3.2.2 Impact of Environmental Conditions within the Site .14 3.2.3 Impacts on surrounding Environment due to Transit Site .26 3.2.4 CEMP Recommnendations for Mankhurd Transit .27 Resettlement Site 3.3 Site II - Turbhe Mandale Site 27 3.3.1 Impact of Surrounding Land Use on the Site .27 3.3.2 Impact of Environmental Conditions Within the Site .28 3.3.3 Impact on Surrounding Environment Due to the .39 Transit Site 3.3.4 CEMP Recommendations for Turbhe Mandale .39 Transit Resettlement Site 3.4 Site III - Wadala ................... 40 3.4.1 Impact of Surrounding Land Use on the Site ............................. 40 3.4.2 Impact of Environmental Conditions within the Site ................... 40 3.4.3 Impacts on surrounding Environment due to Transit Site ........... 51 3.4.4 CEMP Recommendations for Mankhurd Transit ...................... 52 Resettlement Site Chapter IV Community Environmental Management Plan 4.0 Introduction ............................ 60 4.1 Site - M ankhurd ............................ 60 4.1.1 Measures to Minimise Land Use Impacts on the site ................. 60 4.1.2 Measures to Improve Environmental Conditions .................. 61 Within the site 4.1.3 Budgetary Estimates ..................................... 64 4.1.4 Implementation Responsibility and Time Schedule ... 6.....(4 4.2 Site II - Turbhe Mandale ........................... ..... 67 4.2.1 Measures to Minimise Land Use Impacts on the site ............. ... 67 4.2.2 Measures to Improve Environmental Conditions .............. ... 67 Within the site 4.2.3 Budgetary Estimates .................................. .... 70 4.2.4 Implementation Responsibility and Time Schedule ................... 70 4.3 Site III - W adala ............................ 73 4.3.1 Measures to Minimise Land Use Impacts on the site .............. .. 73 4.3.2 Measures to Improve Environmental Conditions .......... ........ 73 Within the site 4.3.3 Budgetary Estimates ..................................... 76 4.3.4 Implementation Responsibility and Time Schedule ......... ......... 77 4.4 Institutional Arrangements .................. 80 Chapter V Restoration Plan for Transit Resettlement Sites 5.1 Introduction ......................... 86 5.2 Restoration Plan for CRZ areas .................................... 86 5.2.1 Observations at the Transit Sites .................................... 87 5.2.2 Status of Mangroves in the Region of Study ........................ 88 5.2.3 Steps for Preparing the Transit Sites for Restoration ................ 89 5.2.4 Conversion of Identified Areas of Transit Sites ...................... 90 5.2.5 Types of Species to be Planted in Intertidal region .................. 92 5.2.6 Cost of Restoration of CRZ Areas ......................... 94 5.3 Restoration Plan for Non-CRZ areas ......................... 94 5.4 Institutional Arrangement ......................... 95 5.5 Implementation Schedule ......................... 95 Annexure I FHWA Noise Model Annexure II Epidemiological Survey Annexure III Minutes of Public Consultation Meetings Annexure IV Cost of Implementing CEMIP Annexure V Legal And Policy Framework for Development of MUTP Executive Summary The implementation of the MUTP project necessitated displacement of a large number of people. About 20,000 households required alternate shelter. Mumbai Metropolitan Regional Development Board (MMRDA), a Project Management Unit for MUTP, undertook the task of resettling and rehabilitating the Project Affected Households (PAHs) with the help of motivated NGO groups Expeditious implementation of basic safety measures along the railway tracks necessitated that the households located along the railway tracks be resettled at a short notice. Adequate numbers of permanent dwelling units for housing the displaced were not available. A large number of PAHs, therefore, had to be shifted to temporary resettlement sites. Due to time constraint, the normal site selection and project implementation process could not be followed for these sites. As a result, while resettling the PAHs in the transit accommodation, adequate environmental safeguards could not be provided to the residents With the objective to assess the environmental conditions at the site and suggest measures for their improvement, this study evaluates the existing environmental conditions at the transit resettlement sites of Mankhurd, Turbhe-Mandale and Wadala and after due analyses, feedback and consultations, develops the Community Environmental Management Plans (CEMP) for each site The study reveales that location of the transit site at Mankhurd is environmentally most critical as a result of proximity to a major arterial road and disposal of hazardous waste in the vicinity. Turbhe-Mandale transit site is close to wetlands. Inadequate evacuation of wastewater and poor collection of solid waste gives rise to unsanitary conditions at the site. Mankhurd and Turbhe- Mandale sites also partially fall upon the area earmarked as the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ). The Wadala transit site is environmentally better located but is poorly connected with the city The study evaluates the sites for site-specific environmental factors, provision of environmental infrastructure and state of their operation. The findings indicate that within the transit sites, poor collection of solid waste, inadequate maintenance of drains and shortage of water in some pockets due to inequitable distribution are the major factors that affect the environmental conditions. Some of the sites are also deficient in open spaces. The sites also lack provision of shops for meeting the daily requirements of the residents Based on analyses of site conditions and consultations with the PAHs, MMRDA and the NGO providing managerial support for environmental services, the study develops a comprehensive CEMP for each site. The CEMP details the measures to overcome the shortfall in services, improve their efficiency and protect the environment at the sites. CEMP also recommends institutional arrangements for providing effective services through participation of the PAHs in safeguarding their environment Restoration of CRZ area affected by the transit sites at Mankhurd and Turbhe- Mandale is another important aspect of the CEMP. Development of such a plan for these sites included assessment of the existing conditions of affected CRZ and adjoining areas with respect to the land use, the ecological status of mangroves, sea water inundation characteristics of the area and the anthropogenic factors. Based on assessment, the viability of restoration of vacated transit site within CRZ was evaluated and restoration plan developed. The plan also lists the conditions of naturally occurring, relatively undisturbed vegetation in the vicinity, which can serve as a model for restoration of CRZ areas The findings of the study indicate that it will be possible to bring up to 50 per cent of the CRZ area under the mangrove plantation. A detailed restoration plan to reinstate the conditions that will allow regeneration of mangroves and establish ecological and environmental conditions for their growth has been provided ii Chapter I INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND In order to improve the traffic and transportation situation in Mumbai, Government of Maharashtra (GoM) and Indian Railways with financial assistance from the World Bank has undertaken Mumbai Urban Transport Project (MUTP). The primary focus of MUTP is to improve the rail based mass transit system in Mumbai with supporting