Quarter 3 2020 / VOLUME 85 WITH GUEST EDITOR DR. TSHILIDZA RATSHITANGA CALL FOR PAPERS Race. Racism. Anti-Racism. Submissions due on 15 November 2020 For further enquiries, please contact the editor, Ronit Frenkel at [email protected] #ujlibrary @ujlibrary CONTENTS In This Issue New Cities New Economies: South Africa and Africa’s Grand Plan, 6 A Pan-African Economic Revolution By Tshilidzi Ratshitanga A Cosmopolitan Ghetto: The Shifting Image of Kibera Slum From 19 ‘Flying Toilets’ to a Centre for Metropolitan Innovation By John M. Wambui Johannesburg, Ontario: Street Naming Strategies and the 36 Decolonised City to Come By Melissa Levin Financing Infrastructure for New Economies 45 in the Context of Dislocated Markets By Zeph Nhleko A Bibliometric Analysis and Visual Review 51 of Housing Policy Framework Development Research By Clinton Aigbavboa and Wellington Thwala Before and After Segregation and Apartheid: A Comparative Analysis 63 By Leland Ware Basic Income Grant, Communities, Indigenous Knowledge 74 Systems – Imagining the New South African Society By Mongane Serote 83 COVID-19 Lockdown Time Capsule of South Africa, April 2020 105 Ronit Frenkel in Conversation with Dale McKinley. Volume 85 / 2020 1 NOTE FROM THE EDITOR he University of Johannesburg acquired The Thinker in April 2019 from Dr Essop Pahad. Over the last decade, The Thinker has Tgained a reputation as a journal that explores Pan-African issues across fields and times. Ronit Frenkel, as the incoming editor, plans on maintaining the pan-African scope of the journal while increasing its coverage into fields such as books, art, literature and popular cultures. The Thinker is a ‘hybrid’ journal, publishing both journalistic pieces with more academic articles and contributors can now opt to have their submissions peer reviewed. We welcome Africa-centred articles from diverse perspectives, in order to enrich both knowledge of the continent and of issues impacting the continent. Prof Ronit Frenkel CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS EDITION - All contributing analysts write in their personal capacity Aigbavboa, Clinton. Nhleko, Zeph. Clinton Aigbavboa is a Professor at the Department Zeph Nhleko is the Development Bank of Southern of Construction Management and Quantity Africa’s (DBSA) Chief Economist. Before this he Surveying, University of Johannesburg, South served as a Deputy Director-General at the national Africa. Before joining academia, he was involved as Economic Development Department (now the quantity surveyor on several infrastructural projects, Department of Trade, Industry and Competition) both in Nigeria and South Africa. Prof. Aigbavboa overseeing economic policy development and was the Vice Dean of the Faculty of Engineering coordination, as well as social dialogue. Before that and Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, he was a Deputy Director-General at the Province South Africa. He is currently the Chair of the Centre of KwaZulu-Natal Department of Economic of Excellence & Sustainable Human Settlement and Development Tourism and Environmental Construction Research Centre at the University Affairs responsible for economic planning, sector of Johannesburg. He is also the author of seven development and business governance. Mr Nhleko research books that were published with Springer is an economic practitioner who has acquired vast Nature and CRC Press. He is currently the editor of strategic leadership skills and economic policy the Journal of Construction Project Management coordination experience over his many years spent and Innovation. He is rated by the South Africa as a senior economist interpreting economic National Research Foundation. development and macroeconomic policy outcomes at the South African Reserve Bank. Levin, Melissa. Ratshitanga, Tshilidzi. Melissa Levin is a lecturer in the African Studies programme at New College, University of Toronto Tshilidzi Ratshitanga is a Mitchell Fellow and where she was awarded a PhD in Political Science. Ph.D. graduate of the School of Public Policy and Her publications focus on questions of nationness Administration, University of Delaware, United and belonging, memorialization, democratic States of America. He holds an MPHIL and Bachelor practices and institution-building. Until recently, degrees from the University of Port Elizabeth, she co-ordinated an Andrew W. Mellon funded (currently Nelson Mandela University) and RAU collaboration between the Jackman Humanities (now University of Johannesburg) respectively. Dr. Institute at the University of Toronto and the Ratshitanga is also Chairman and Founder the Centre for Humanities Research at the University New Cities New Economies Institute, the Global of the Western Cape. She is currently a member Consortium for Africa’s Economic Development of the Confronting Atrocity Project team based at and the Global Black People’s Convention (GBPC). McMaster University. 2 THE THINKER CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS EDITION Dr. Ratshitanga previously worked as a senior essays and plays, and has been awarded national manager at the South African government’s and international awards in this regard, including Government Communications and Information the Inkamanga in Silver, by President Thabo Mbeki, System (GCIS) and subsequently joined the private the Pablo Neruda award, by the Chilean President, sector, where he got involved with companies in the Ingrid Jonker award for poetry, the Noma the property development and mining sectors. He award for writing in Africa, the English medal for currently serves in a number of boards, including contributing in writing in Southern Africa, the as Chairman of both Bokamoso Barona Investment Presidential award by the Black Management Trust and Kaborona Investment Holdings. He is a forum, the BBQ statesman award, the Department director of the Mapungubwe Institute for Strategic of Arts and Culture life time achievement award, the Reflection (MISTRA), Deputy Chairperson of the International Golden Wreath for poetry in Strugga Gauteng Growth and Development Agency (GGDA) Macedonia; he was awarded the Alexandra icon and Chairman of The Innovation Hub (TIH). award and the Pan South African Language Board Award for contributing to the development and Tshilidzi is a social activist. He is an active member promotion of African languages in South Africa. of South Africa’s ruling party, the African National Congress (ANC). Previously he served as Secretary He became a member of parliament and General of the Congress of South Africa Students chairperson of the arts, culture, languages, science (Cosas) and also Secretary General of the South and technology portfolio committee of parliament.. African Students Congress (Sasco), both of which He participated in the arts, culture, heritage sectors are ANC aligned Progressive Student Movements. of the national negotiations at Codesa. He has a Dr. Ratshitanga also served the African National Master of Fine Arts from Columbia University in Congress Youth League (ANCYL) in Gauteng New York. Province and was also a Commissioner of the ANC’s 2012 National Congress Elections Commission. He was CEO of the national heritage site and memorial, Freedom Park, and received a long Serote, Wally Mongane. service award. He has been awarded honorary doctorates, by the Universities of Natal, Transkei, In his 18 years of exile, Mongane Wally Serote and the University of Johannesburg and an participated on various levels in the ANC structures honorary Professorship by UNISA and the University for the mobilization, planning, negotiation and of Johannesburg. He is a member of the Advisory struggle for the Liberation of South Africa. Council of the Thabo Mbeki Foundation; and the magazine, The Thinker. He is the director of He was the head of the regional underground Seolo Sa Serote Institute Pty Ltd; and founding structure in Botswana, Head of the Department of Chairperson of the Bookela Botho IKS Integrated Arts and Culture; member of the Regional Political and Complimentary Healing Institute based at the Military committee in Botswana and in Britain. He Clinix Private Hospital in Johannesburg and Seolo was the cultural attaché of the ANC, in Britain and Se Mpande IKS healing. He is also the founding Europe. From 1990, he was head of Arts and Culture Chairperson of the Indigenous Knowledge Systems of the ANC in South Africa. He spearheaded the Portal based at the University of Johannesburg. organization and mobilization of cultural workers through major festivals, symposiums, conferences He was initiated as a Ngaka in 1999. He has initiated in Botswana (1982), Amsterdam (1987) London and spearheaded discussions at a national level (1990), Johannesburg (1993) which resulted in the for the creation of medicinal plant gardens in the formation of National organizations of writers, 9 provinces of South Africa, and spearheaded the musicians, theatre workers, dancers, photographers cleansing, healing, and return of spirits rituals and and filmmakers. ceremonies in Southern Africa and the USA. He is a writer of a number of novels, poetry collections, He has lectured on various platforms, and in Volume 85 / 2020 3 CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS EDITION different universities abroad and in South Africa Equipped with personal experiences from the on politics, Arts, Culture, IKS and heritage. He is slum, Dr. Wambui proceeded to pursue his higher a member of the Living Legacy Legends Project education in the United States where he earned (LLLP) founded by the Minster of Arts and Culture, a bachelor’s degree in Psychology from Felician and