2012 Biennial Report to Congress on the Effectiveness of Grant Programs Under the Violence Against Women Act Contents Contents ........................................................................................................................ i List of Tables ................................................................................................................. v List of Figures ................................................................................................................ ix Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 VAWA Grant Programs ................................................................................................. 5 Grant Programs Included in This Report .................................................................. 9 VAWA Measuring Effectiveness Initiative .............................................................. 13 Effectiveness of VAWA Grant Programs .................................................................... 15 Coordinated Community Response ........................................................................ 18 System Advocacy .................................................................................................... 23 Training ................................................................................................................... 24 Technical Assistance ............................................................................................... 30 Community Education/Public Awareness .............................................................. 32 Services to Victims and Families ............................................................................ 36 Crisis Intervention Services ................................................................................ 38 Legal Advocacy and Legal Services ..................................................................... 40 Shelter and Transitional Housing ....................................................................... 51 Supervised Visitation and Safe Exchange Services ............................................. 55 Criminal Justice Response ...................................................................................... 58 Law Enforcement................................................................................................ 59 Prosecution......................................................................................................... 65 Courts ................................................................................................................. 69 Probation ............................................................................................................ 75 Historically Underserved and Other Vulnerable Populations ................................ 78 American Indians and Alaska Natives................................................................. 79 Immigrants and Refugees ................................................................................... 84 Women With Disabilities .................................................................................... 91 Elder Abuse ......................................................................................................... 96 Children and Youth ............................................................................................. 99 Victims and Families Living in Rural Areas .......................................................104 LGBT Adults and Sexual Assault, Domestic Violence, Dating Violence, and Stalking .......................................................................................................... 106 Remaining Areas of Need .....................................................................................110 Capacity ............................................................................................................ 111 Training and Education ..................................................................................... 113 Rural Victims/Survivors and Communities ....................................................... 115 Victim Services .................................................................................................117 Underserved Populations .................................................................................120 Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 125 The Enhanced Training and Services to End Violence Against and Abuse of Women Later in Life Program .................................................................................. 127 i 2012 Biennial Report to Congress General Grant Information .................................................................................. 130 Staff ...................................................................................................................... 130 Training ................................................................................................................ 131 Victim Services ..................................................................................................... 134 Remaining Areas of Need..................................................................................... 139 Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies and Enforcement of Protection Orders Program.................................................................................................................... 141 General Grant Information .................................................................................. 143 Staff ...................................................................................................................... 144 Training ................................................................................................................ 145 Victim Services ..................................................................................................... 147 Criminal Justice .................................................................................................... 153 Law Enforcement ............................................................................................. 154 Prosecution ...................................................................................................... 157 Courts ............................................................................................................... 158 Judicial Monitoring........................................................................................... 159 Probation ......................................................................................................... 161 Community Measures .......................................................................................... 164 Remaining Areas of Need..................................................................................... 165 Grants to Reduce Sexual Assault, Domestic Violence, Dating Violence, and Stalking on Campus Program ................................................................................... 167 General Grant Information .................................................................................. 170 Staff ...................................................................................................................... 170 Minimum Requirements ...................................................................................... 171 Training ................................................................................................................ 173 Victim Services ..................................................................................................... 174 Victims/survivors Reporting Crimes ..................................................................... 181 Campus and Community Measures ..................................................................... 182 Remaining Areas of Need..................................................................................... 182 Grants to Enhance Culturally and Linguistically Specific Services for Victims of Domestic Violence, Dating Violence, Sexual Assault, and Stalking Program ........... 187 General Grant Information .................................................................................. 189 Staff ...................................................................................................................... 190 Training ................................................................................................................ 191 Community Education .......................................................................................... 192 Victim Services ..................................................................................................... 194 Remaining Areas of Need..................................................................................... 201 Education, Training, and Enhanced Services to End Violence Against and Abuse of Women with Disabilities Grant Program ............................................................. 205 General Grant Information .................................................................................. 207 Staff ...................................................................................................................... 207 Training ................................................................................................................ 209 Community Education .........................................................................................