Phil Janney, Jeffrey Jenkins and Kim Anderson Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Oregon State University NMFS Biological Opinions . Concern regarding exposure in off‐channel and shallow habitats utilized by juvenile salmonids . Data limited so exposure estimated for direct overspray and drift (AgDrift) Passive sampling devices deployed to evaluate continuous exposure in off‐ channel and shallow salmonid habitats. 5/4/2012 2 USGS National Water Quality Assessment . Long term agricultural site . Pesticides sampled from 1993‐ 2008 Trifluralin 30000 . High frequency of detections Terbacil Pyraclostrobin and levels Propiconazole 25000 Pendimethalin Oxyamyl Norflurazon Oregon DEQ 20000 Napropamide . Total Maximum Daily Load Metribuzin 8321 Metolachlor 15000 (ng/L) 8321 ▪ Approved by EPA 2008 Methomyl (ng/L) ▪ Zollner TMDLs for dieldrin and Linuron Imidacloprid chlordane 10000 (ng/L) EPTC (Eptam) (ng/L) . Pesticide Stewardship Diuron (ng/L) DEET (ng/L) 5000 Partnership Carbaryl (ng/L) Simazine (ng/L) ▪ Pesticides sampled from 2005‐ 8321 Ethoprop 0 present Little Pudding River Pudding River at South Fork Bochsler Zollner Creek at Zollner Creek at Chlorpyriphos at Rambler Road Hwy 99E (Aurora) Creek at Hwy 214 Hwy 214 Monitor-McKee Road (ng/L) Bridge Atrazine (ng/L) 5/4/2012 8321 3 Pudding River basin . 2456 ha (54% agricultural, 8% developed, 38% forested) . Upper Willamette Chinook and Steelhead habitat Sampled June 2010 to October 2011 . 5 sample locations ▪ 4 accessible to salmonid species . Sampled 3‐4 week intervals 5/4/2012 4 Abiqua Creek Silver Creek Zollner Creek Pudding River 5/4/2012 5 Low density polyethylene Samples the freely dissolved fraction of contaminant 2 compartment model based on Fick’s Law Provides integrated time weighted average 5/4/2012 6 ADVANTAGES LIMITATIONS Continuous sampling Integrated time . Capture episodic events weighted average . Reduce sampling concentration numbers/frequency Specific chemical Lower detection limits sampling range . Sampler material Mimic passive determines chemicals biological uptake sequestered 5/4/2012 7 Daily chemical flux variable in low order Theoretical Daily Chemical Flux streams and shallow 0.016 environments 0.014 LFT provide time‐ 0.012 weighted average 0.01 (ug/L) concentration LFT 0.008 . Can normalize daily Scenario 1 fluctuations 0.006 Concentration Weekly Grab Sample 0.004 Toxicity data generally 48‐96 hour exposures 0.002 . Still uncertainty about 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 level of exposure Day 5/4/2012 8 LFT Processing 5/4/2012 9 LFT Analysis . GC/ECD (Quantification) –based on EPA Method 8081 ▪ Agilent 6890N with DB‐17ms and DB‐XLB columns ▪ 40 pesticides: 31 OCs, 3 OPs, 3 pyrethroids, 4 various . GC/MS (Confirmation) ▪ RTL DRS deconvolution software Water Concentration Calculation . Performance reference compounds ▪ In‐situ uptake rate calibration 5/4/2012 10 Potential chlorpyrifos use . 65 land uses from NASS Cropland Data Layer . 25 land uses in basin in IPM handbook . 30% of watershed area potential (55% agricultural area) chlorpyrifos application area 5/4/2012 11 CWA aquatic life criteria . Acute ‐ 0.083 μg/L . Chronic – 0.041 μg/L NMFS ESA‐listed salmonid BiOps . Prey survival –0.05‐600 μg/L . Fish survival –0.8‐2200 μg/L . Fish growth –0.12‐4.8 μg/L . Fish reproduction –1.09‐1.21 μg/L . Fish olfactory behaviors – 0.625‐2.5 μg/L 5/4/2012 12 Abiqua Creek 60 Prey Survival 50 LC50 –50 ng/L Chlorpyrifos Prey Survival Low 40 (ng/L) 30 Chlorpyrifos 20 10 0 Date 5/4/2012 13 Silver Creek 60 50 Prey Survival LC50 –50 ng/L Chlorpyrifos 40 Series2 30 Chlorpyrifos (ng/L) 20 10 0 Date 5/4/2012 14 Zollner Creek 60 50 Prey Survival LC50 –50 ng/L Chlorpyrifos 40 Prey Survival Low 30 Chlorpyrifos (ng/L) 20 10 0 Date 5/4/2012 15 Pudding River 60 50 Prey Survival LC50 –50 ng/L Chlorpyrifos 40 Prey Survival Low (ng/L) 30 Chlorpyrifos 20 10 0 Date 5/4/2012 16 Food Safety and Environmental Stewardship Lab, Oregon State University Marion Soil and Water Conservation District . Jane Keppinger . Scott Eden . Mark Hadden Questions? 5/4/2012 17.