PATHWORKS for Macintosh Introduction to the AppleTalk Network System Order Number AA-PBFEB-TE January 1991 Revision/Update Information: This is a revised manual. Software Version: PATHWORKS for Macintosh, Version 1.0 VMS Version 5.3 or greater digital equipment corporation maynard, massachusetts First Published, September 1990 Revised, January 1991 The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. Any software described in this document is furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license. No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software or equipment that is not supplied by Digital Equipment Corporation or its affiliated companies. Restricted Rights: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(l)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013. © Digital Equipment Corporation 1990, 1991. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. The postpaid Reader's Comments forms at the end of this document request your critical evaluation to assist in preparing future documentation. The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation: DEC, DECnet, DECnet-DOS, DECnet-VAX, DECstation, DECterm, DECwindows, LAT, LN03, LN03 Plus, LN03 ScriptPrinter, PATHWORKS, PCSA, PrintServer, RMS, RSTS, RSX-ll, RT, RX33, ThinWire, ULTRIX, VAX, VAXcluster, VAXserver, VAXshare, VMS, and the DIGITAL Logo. The following are trademarks of Apple Computer Inc.: Apple, the Apple logo, AppleShare, AppleTalk, Apple IIGS, EtherTalk, ImageWriter, LaserWriter, LocalTalk, Macintosh, MacTerminal, MultiFinder, ProDOS, and TokenTalk are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. APDA and MacX are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. This document was prepared with VAX DOCUMENT, Version 1.2. The following are third-party trademarks: PostScript is a registered trademark, and Illustrator is a trademark, of Adobe Systems Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark of American Telephone & Telegraph Information Systems. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machine Corporation. XWindow Systems Version 11 is a trademark of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Microsoft and MS-DOS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. NuBus is a trademark of'Iexas Instruments, Inc. / Contents About This Guide. ix 1 Introduction Overview of PATHWORKS for Macintosh 1-1 Overview of AppleTalk Network Terms and Concepts ......... 1-5 Network ......................................... 1-5 The AppleTalk Network System ....................... 1-7 Nodes ........................................... 1-7 Client ........................................... 1-7 Server .......................................... 1-7 Internet ......................................... 1-8 Internet Routers .................................. 1-8 AppleTalk Zones ................................... 1-9 Zone Names and Zone Lists .......................... 1-10 AppleTalk Addressing .............................. 1-11 Packets ......................................... 1-12 Network Addresses ................................ 1-12 Node Addresses ................................... 1-13 Sockets .......................................... 1-14 Seed Routers ......... .... 1-14 Hops ............................................ 1-15 Routing Tables .................................... 1-15 AppleTalk Phase 1 .................................... 1-15 v 2 Appletalk Network System Cabling and Computers Cabling Systems ...................................... 2-1 EtherTalk Cabling . 2-1 LocalTalk Cabling ... 2-2 TokenTalk Cabling. 2-2 Computers in an AppleTalk Network. 2-3 Macintosh Computers ............................... 2-3 VAX Computers. 2-3 Apple II Computers . 2-3 PCs and Compatibles. 2-3 3 Network Services in the Combined Apple and Digital Environment File and Printer Services . 3-1 AppleShare File Services . 3-2 VAXshare File Services .............................. 3-3 AppleTalk Printer Services .......................... .3-4 Direct Network Printing ....................... 3-4 Printing With a Spooler. 3-4 VAXshare Printer Services. 3-5 AppleTalklDECnet Transport Gateway ..................... 3-6 Electronic Mail. 3-7 MacX and X Window System. 3-7 4 AppleTalk Protocol Architecture Physical and Data Link Protocols ......................... 4-1 EtherTalk Link Access Protocol (ELAP) . 4-4 LocalTalk Link Access Protocol (LLAP) . 4-4 TokenTalk Link Access Protocol (TLAP) . 4-5 AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol (AARP) . 4-5 Network Layer and Routing (End-to-End Data Flow Protocols) . 4-6 Datagram Delivery Protocol (DDP) ..................... 4-6 Routing Table Maintenance Protocol (RTMP) ............. 4-7 Internet Topologies. 4-7 Routing Tables. 4-7 AppleTalk Echo Protocol (AEP) ........................ 4-8 Named Entity Protocols. 4-8 N arne Binding Protocol (NBP) . 4-8 Zone Information Protocol (ZIP) . 4-10 Reliable Data Delivery Protocols . 4-10 AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol (ADSP) . 4-10 vi AppleTalk Transaction Protocol (ATP) . 4-11 Printer Access Protocol (PAP) ......................... 4-11 AppleTalk Session Protocol (ASP) ...................... 4-12 User Services: AppleTalk Filing Protocol (AFP). 4-13 Glossary Index Figures 1-1 A VAX Computer as a Server ............................. 1-3 1-2 A VAX Computer as a Gateway ........................... 1-3 1-3 DECnet Tunneling Between AppleTalk Internets ............. 1-4 1-4 Typical Combined Apple and Digital Network Toplogy ......... 1-6 1-5 Nodes and Zones ...................................... 1-10 1-6 Display of Zone List Accessed from the Control Panel .......... 1-11 1-7 Display of Zone List in the Chooser Window ................. 1-12 1-8 Sockets Within Nodes .................................. 1-14 3-1 The AppleTalkJDECnet Transport Gateway .................. 3-7 4-1 DECnet Protocols ...................................... 4-2 4-2 AppleTalk Protocols .................................... 4-3 4-3 A Router Model . ................................ 4-8 vii About This Guide Manual Objectives Introduction to the AppleTalk Network System describes the AppleTalk network system to the VMS system administrator and DECnet administrator. The purpose is to give an overview of basic concepts and terminology of the AppleTalk network system that the administrator needs to know to proceed with the installation and maintenance of the AppleTalk for VMS component of the PATHWORKS for Macintosh software. This manual contains references to products not directly supported in PATHWORKS for Macintosh. For a complete list of the supported network configurations, see the Software Product Description (SPD 31-53.xx) for PATHWORKS for Macintosh. Intended Reader This manual addresses the VMS system administrator and DECnet administrator who are familiar with DECnet software and the VMS operating system, but not necessarily familiar with AppleTalk. The programmer is a possible secondary audience; the primary source of overview information for programmers is the PATHWORKS for Macintosh Programmer's Guide. ix Manual Organization This manual is organized as follows: Chapter 1 provides an overview of Macintosh to VAX connectivity, followed by an introduction to basic AppleTalk network concepts. 2 Chapter 2 discusses the physical components of the AppleTalk network system-cabling and computers. 3 Chapter 3 describes how users in the combined Apple and Digital environment share files and printers, access DECnet services, exchange electronic mail, and use X Windows applications. 4 Chapter 4 provides an overview of AppleTalk protocols. For More Information The PATHWORKS for Macintosh documentation set consists of the following manuals. The set is visually represented by the illustration at the end of this section. Network Services User's Guide MacTerminal User's Guide MacX User's Guide DECnet for Macintosh User's Guide Introduction to the AppleTalk Network System Planning and Installation Guide System Administrator's Guide System Administrator's Reference Manual MacTCP Administrator's Guide Release Notes, Version 1.0 (available on line only) Programmer's Guide Programmer's Reference Communications Toolbox Programmer's Reference Data Access Language Programmer's Reference DECnet for Macintosh Programmer's Reference In addition, the following manuals provide information useful to system administrators. From Digital: Digital Technical Journal, No.3, Terminal Servers on Ethernet x Local Area Networks Local Area Transport (LAT) Architecture Local Area Transport (LAT) Network Concepts Published by Addison Wesley: AppleTalk Network System Overview Inside AppleTalk, Second Edition From Apple: AppleTalk Internet Router Administrator's Guide AppleTalk Phase 2 Introduction and Upgrade Guide (packaged with the Internet Router Administrator's Guide) The AppleTalk Phase 2 Protocol Specification AppleShare File Server Administrator's Guide AppleShare Print Server Administrator's Guide LocalTalk Cable System Guide The Advantages of AppleTalk Phase 2 Conventions Used Terms that appear in the glossary are indicated in boldfaced type when they are first defined in text. xi PATHWORKS for Macintosh Documentation Set if you are••• you should read... to learn about... Macintosh user • Network Services User's Guide Installing and using file