MOBIS Task Order No. 263-M-00-03-00002-00 U.S. Agency for International Development Program Support Unit Egyptian Environmental Policy Program Management Plan for Wadi El-Gemal–Hamata IUCN Category II National Park Submited by: Dr. Sherif Baha El Din May 2003 International Resources Group with Winrock International Washington, DC Management Plan for Wadi El-Gemal–Hamata Protected Area Table of Contents ﺧﻄﺄ! ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺮّﻓﺔ. .................................................................................Acknowledgements Lists of Figures, Tables, and Maps ...................................................................................... vii Figures .............................................................................................................................. vii Tables ............................................................................................................................... vii Maps ................................................................................................................................. vii Acronyms and Abbreviations.............................................................................................. viii ١ .................................................................................................................Executive Summary ١.............................................................................Management Framework and Apparatus ٢.........................................................................................................Resources of WGHPA ٣..........................................................................Management Category and PA Objectives ٤..........................................................................Management Issues, Policies, and Actions ٤.............................................................................................................. Management Tools ٤ .........................................................................................................Management Resources ٥ ..................................................................Plan Implementation and Management Priorities ٥ ....................................................................................................... Plan Update and Review ٦ .......................................................................................................................Introduction .1 ٦................................................................................................... Purpose of the Plan 1.1 ٧.........................................................Framework of the WGHPA Management Plan 1.2 ٧ ..................................................................................................... Legal Framework 1.2.1 ١٠...................................................Areas Addressed by WGHPA Management Plan 1.3 ١٠.......................................................................................................Planning Period 1.4 ١٠..........................................................................................................Plan Structure 1.5 ١١................................... Main Roles of the Wadi el-Gemal–Hamata Protected Area 1.6 ١١.....................................................................................................Vision Statement 1.7 ١٢ ................................................................................................ Description of Resources .2 ١٢............................................................................................... Physical Description 2.1 ١٢ ................................................................................................General Description 2.1.1 ١٢ ................................................................................................................... Climate 2.1.2 ١٣ .........................................................................................................Oceanography 2.1.3 ١٤ ......................................................................................................... Water Quality 2.1.4 ١٤ ......................................................................................................Geomorphology 2.1.5 ١٥ ............................................................................................... Coastal Topography 2.1.6 ١٦ ................................................................................................. Inland Topography 2.1.7 ١٧ ..................................................................................................................Geology 2.1.8 EEPP–Program Support Unit ii Management Plan for Wadi El-Gemal–Hamata Protected Area ١٩ ......................................................................................................Drainage Basins 2.1.9 ٢٠ ...........................................................................................................Groundwater 2.1.10 ٢١........................................................................................... Biodiversity Resources 2.2 ٢١ .................................................................................................................. Habitats 2.2.1 ٢١ ..................................................................................................... Marine Habitats ٢٤ .....................................................................................................Littoral Habitats ٢٥ ................................................................................................ Terrestrial Habitats ٢٧ ....................................................................................................................Species 2.2.2 ٢٧ .......................................................................................................................Flora ٣٠ ..................................................................................................................... Fauna ٣١ .................................................................................................................. Reptiles ٣٢ ...................................................................................................................... Birds ٣٥ ............................................................................................................... Mammals ٣٥ ...............................................................................................................Cetaceans ٣٦ .................................................................................................................Dugongs ٣٦ ...............................................................................................Endangered Species ٣٧................................................................................... Cultural Heritage Resources 2.3 ٣٩...................................................................................................Indigenous People 2.4 ٤٠................................................................................................. Existing Land Uses 2.5 ٤٠ ............................................................................................Mining and Quarrying 2.5.1 ٤٠ ................................................................................................................. Fisheries 2.5.2 ٤١ .................................................................................................................. Tourism 2.5.3 ٤٣ ............................................................................Tourism Facilities in the Region ٤٤ .............................................................................. Urban Centers and Settlements 2.5.4 ٤٤ ......................................................................................................................Roads 2.5.5 ٤٤............................................................................................ WGHPA Stakeholders 2.6 ٤٤ ............................................................... Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency 2.6.1 ٤٤ ..............................................................................................Red Sea Governorate 2.6.2 ٤٥ ............................................................................. Tourist Development Authority 2.6.3 ٤٥ ...............................................................................Higher Council for Antiquities 2.6.4 ٤٥ .................................................................................................Ministry of Interior 2.6.5 ٤٥ ..................................................The General Organization for Roads and Bridges 2.6.6 ٤٥ ........................................................................................................ Border Guards 2.6.7 ٤٥ ................................................................................................................. Investors 2.6.8 ٤٥ ................................................................................................ Local Communities 2.6.9 ٤٥ .......................................................................................... Ministry of Agriculture 2.6.10 ٤٦.......................................Current Conservation Capacity at WGHPA and Vicinity 2.7 ٤٧ ...............................................................................Management Goals and Objectives .3 ٤٧.........................................................IUCN Protected Area Management Category 3.1 ٤٨ ......................................................................................................Management