Profile on Environmental and Social Considerations in Tanzania September 2011 Japan International Cooperation Agency （JICA) CRE CR(5) 11-011 Table of Content Chapter 1 General Condition of United Republic of Tanzania ........................ 1-1 1.1 General Condition ............................................................................... 1-1 1.1.1 Location and Topography ............................................................. 1-1 1.1.2 Weather ........................................................................................ 1-3 1.1.3 Water Resource ............................................................................ 1-3 1.1.4 Political/Legal System and Governmental Organization ............... 1-4 1.2 Policy and Regulation for Environmental and Social Considerations .. 1-4 1.3 Governmental Organization ................................................................ 1-6 1.4 Outline of Ratification/Adaptation of International Convention ............ 1-7 1.5 NGOs acting in the Environmental and Social Considerations field .... 1-9 1.6 Trend of Aid Agency .......................................................................... 1-14 1.7 Local Knowledgeable Persons (Consultants).................................... 1-15 Chapter 2 Natural Environment .................................................................. 2-1 2.1 General Condition ............................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Wildlife Species ................................................................................... 2-2 2.2.1 Endemic Species .......................................................................... 2-2 2.2.2 Endangered Species .................................................................... 2-2 2.2.3 Zanzibar ........................................................................................ 2-9 2.3 Important Ecosystem and Habitat ..................................................... 2-10 2.3.1 Protected Area ............................................................................ 2-10 2.3.2 Epidemic Bird Area and Important Bird Area .............................. 2-17 2.3.3 Coral Reef .................................................................................. 2-20 2.3.4 Mangrove .................................................................................... 2-22 2.3.5 Ramsar Registered Wetland ....................................................... 2-22 2.4 Forest ................................................................................................ 2-23 2.4.1 Forest Area ................................................................................. 2-23 2.4.2 Forest Reserve ........................................................................... 2-25 2.5 Development Potential of National Park etc. ..................................... 2-26 2.6 Analysis of Accordance and Gaps between Current Relevant Regulations in Tanzania and JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations as well as Safeguard Polices in the World Bank .............. 2-27 Chapter 3 Pollution/Environmental Contamination ..................................... 3-1 3.1 General Condition ............................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Current Status and Measures for Air Pollution .................................... 3-1 3.2.1 Regulation on Air Pollution ............................................................ 3-1 3.2.2 Current Status and Measures for Air Pollution .............................. 3-3 3.3 Current Status and Measures for Water Pollution ............................... 3-4 3.3.1 Regulation on Water Pollution ...................................................... 3-4 3.3.2 Current Status and Measures for Water Pollution ......................... 3-5 3.4 Current Status and Measures for Waste ............................................. 3-5 3.4.1 Regulation on Waste .................................................................... 3-5 3.4.2 Current Status and Measures for Waste ....................................... 3-6 Chapter 4 Social Environment .................................................................... 4-1 4.1 General Condition ............................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 General Characteristics ................................................................ 4-1 4.1.2 Religion ......................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 Major Social Issues ............................................................................. 4-1 4.2.1 Poverty ......................................................................................... 4-1 4.2.2 Gender/Child Labor ...................................................................... 4-1 4.2.3 Trend and Measures related to Protection of Worker’s rights ....... 4-6 4.3 Cultural Heritage ................................................................................. 4-6 4.3.1 The Main Domestic Cultural Heritage ........................................... 4-6 4.3.2 Relevant Legal System and Ministry ............................................ 4-8 Chapter 5 Climate Change ......................................................................... 5-1 5.1 Impact by Climate Change .................................................................. 5-1 5.2 Relavant Legal System ....................................................................... 5-1 5.2.1 Participation in International Convention ...................................... 5-1 5.2.2 United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC ) .............................................................................................. 5-1 5.2.3 Environmental Management Act, 2004 (EMA) .............................. 5-1 5.3 Measures against Climate Change ..................................................... 5-2 5.3.1 Tanzania’s position in UNFCCC ................................................... 5-2 5.3.2 Mitigation Measure ....................................................................... 5-2 5.3.3 Adaptation Measure ...................................................................... 5-2 Chapter 6 Legal System and Procedure of EIA .......................................... 6-1 6.1 Relevant Legal System ....................................................................... 6-1 6.1.1 Relevant Legal System ................................................................. 6-1 6.1.2 National Environmental Policy, 1997 (NEP) .................................. 6-1 6.1.3 Environmental Management Act, 2004 (EMA) .............................. 6-2 6.1.4 Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations (2005) 6-2 6.2 Implementation Procedure of Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA) ..................................................................................... 6-2 6.2.1 SEIA of Bills, regulations, policies, strategies, programs and plans 6-2 6.2.2 SEIA for mineral, petroleum, hydro-electric power and major water project plans ............................................................................................ 6-4 6.3 Procedure of EIA Implementation and Environmental Permits ............ 6-5 6.3.1 Project subject to EIA ................................................................... 6-5 6.3.2 Implementation Procedure of EIA ................................................. 6-9 6.3.3 Screening Criteria of EIA ............................................................ 6-11 6.3.4 Procedure of Environmental Permits .......................................... 6-13 6.3.5 Public Participation Procedure and Actual Participation such as Information Sharing and Public Consultation ........................................ 6-13 6.3.6 Information Disclosure of EIA and Environmental Permits .......... 6-14 6.3.7 Requirement of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) .......... 6-15 6.4 Monitoring ......................................................................................... 6-15 6.4.1 Legal System and Procedure of Monitoring ................................ 6-15 6.4.2 Information Disclosure of Monitoring Results ............................. 6-16 6.4.3 Measures and Procedure for Identified Issues ........................... 6-16 6.5 Legal system related to the environment in Zanzibar ....................... 6-17 6.5.1 Law related to the environment .................................................. 6-17 6.5.2 Organization of the Department of Environment ......................... 6-17 6.5.3 Procedures of acquiring EIS Certificate ...................................... 6-18 6.6 Analysis of consistency/gap among local legal system, new environmental guideline and World Bank’s Safeguard Policy ................... 6-21 Chapter 7 Legal System and Procedure of Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement ................................................................................................. 7-1 7.1 Relevant Legal System ....................................................................... 7-1 7.2 Legal System and Procedure of Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement ............................................................................................... 7-4 7.2.1 Procedure to implement Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement ........................................................................................... 7-4 7.2.2 Project Affected Person (PAP) and Compensation ....................... 7-6 7.2.3 Income Restoration .....................................................................