Accelerating scientific publication Thierry Galli INSERM & Aviesan ITMO BCDE Ambassador, ASAPbio Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 1 Publication is essential to scientific progress Adapted from http://asapbio.org/survey Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 3 Publishing isn’t what it used to be Ron Vale, bioRxiv/PNAS 2015 Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 4 What to do about it? Problem: fast and open venues are not always ‘impactful’ venues Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 5 A preprint is a manuscript posted online before journal-organized peer review Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 6 Preprints & journals are compatible Berg et al Science7 2016 Preprint servers have existed for 25 years arXiv: 100,000 manuscripts per year In Biology 8 Preprints are taking off inbiology off taking are Preprints Version 1000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0 1 | asapbio.org janv.-03 juil.-03 janv.-04 arXiv (q-bio w/cross-lists, from arxiv.org stats) bioRxiv (from bioRxiv) PeerJ Preprints (bio/med/life) F1000 Research The Winnower Nature Precedings (manuscripts, from search results) Preprints.org (articles/reviews bio/life/med) in figshare by (filtered PrePubMed) juil.-04 janv.-05 juil.-05 janv.-06 juil.-06 janv.-07 juil.-07 janv.-08 juil.-08 janv.-09 juil.-09 janv.-10 juil.-10 janv.-11 juil.-11 janv.-12 juil.-12 janv.-13 juil.-13 janv.-14 juil.-14 janv.-15 juil.-15 janv.-16 juil.-16 9 •Benefits of preprints •Concerns surrounding preprints •Taking action •Recent updates 10 Problem: Lack of access to literature Preprints are immediately available to everyone around the world Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 11 Problem: Students/postdocs stay in training programs longer to publish Preprints can be evaluated for a thesis/job (& careers can progress) Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 12 Problem: Your recent work is invisible to grant/award committees Preprints make your most recent work visible Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 13 Problem: Your colleagues also can’t see your recent work Preprints can stimulate collaborations Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 14 Problem: Peer review is based on a small # of anonymous opinions Preprints allow the whole world to provide feedback Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 15 Problem: Lack of transparency in review process creates confusion about priority of discovery Preprints are permanent & timestamped – evidence of what work was done when Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 16 Problem: Laboratories are keeping knowledge secret Preprints are immediately accessible, allowing research overall to advance Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 17 Concern: We can’t be trusted to share our work before peer review • Reputation is important Flickr/NASA Goddard Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 18 Concern: Journals won’t accept my preprint Search Wikipedia: list of academic journals by preprint policy Contains links to original policies Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 19 Concern: How can we ensure ethical disclosure of data? Preprint servers should (and already do!): • Screen for human subjects research • Ensure that authors agree to posting • Expect that methods are present and complete Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 20 Concern: How should preprints be covered in the media? Cell phones & cancer Vaccines & autism Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 21 Concern: I’m going to get scooped ie: preprints are public but not obviously well-respected Paul Ginsparg, founder of arXiv on scooping: Draft statement on disclosing & crediting scientific work “It can’t happen, since arXiv postings are accepted as date-stamped priority claims. “As responsible citizens of the scientific community, we...will fairly Eventually I came to understand that biologists cite original work presented as a do not use “scoop” in the standard journalistic preprint in our own scientific papers, sense… Instead “scooping” in the context of just as we would cite a journal biology research appears to mean using publication. We will acknowledge information or ideas without proper attribution.” such work, as appropriate, in our presentations at scientific meetings.” http://asapbio.org/preprint-info/preprint-faq http://asapbio.org/drafts/draft1 Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 22 Posting preprints is a good experience 392 responses. Results at asapbio.org/survey Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 23 Accelerating Science and Publication in biology Feb. 16/17, 2016 at HHMI Headquarters Strong consensus that broader use of preprints could become a valuable addition to the journal system (Organizers: Daniel Colόn-Ramos, Jessica Polka, Harold Varmus, Ron Vale) 2 4 .org Moving preprints forward Funding Agencies Scientists University Promotion Committees Journals 25 Encouraging the productive use of preprints • Policies • Funders • Journals • Institutions • Visibility • Network effects • Easy to find • Standards • Screening • Citation • Preservation, access, licensing Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 26 A new kind of marketplace for papers October 4, 2016 Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 27 Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 28 UCSC & The Rockefeller University job ads Sept 26 2016 Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 29 “Papers published in preprint servers (arXiv, BioRxiv, PeerJ…) will be taken into consideration, but at least one first-author article in an international peer reviewed journal is required at the time of application (see above). Papers submitted or in preparation, but not yet accessible to the community, will not be considered and should not be included in the list of publications.” Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 30 “In the interests of accelerating scientific discovery, the Biohub will establish a publication policy for open and rapid dissemination of research results: all Investigators will be required to post manuscripts on Arxiv on the date of submission to peer-reviewed journals.” https://med.stanford.edu/rmg/funding/chan_zuckerberg.html Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 31 “If a scientist wants to cite an interim research product in an NIH application or report, the citation should meet certain standards. These standards might include: •Ensuring the document is preserved, findable, and freely accessible to people and machines •Links to other versions and associate data and resources •Attribution and disclosure of authorship, funding, competing Read our response & interests, licensing, and other issues used in high-quality share your own at scholarly publication •A clear statement that the product is preliminary, and the asapbio.org/nih-rfi level of peer-review it has received (if any) Note, NIH does not intend to require awardees to create interim research products. ” Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 32 Encouraging the productive use of preprints ASAPbio Ambassadors • Policies • Funders • Journals • Institutions • Visibility • Network effects • Easy to find • Standards • Screening #ASAPbio • Citation • Preservation, access, licensing Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka 33 Encouraging the productive use of preprints • Policies • Funders • Journals • Institutions ASAPbio is proposing • Visibility community-governed • Network effects infrastructure (like • Easy to find PubMed Central) for • Standards preprints • Screening http://asapbio.org/summary-of-a- • Citation central-preprint-service-model • Preservation, access, licensing 34 Twitter: #ASAPbio @jessicapolka Priorities for a Central Preprint Service • Community governance • Guaranteed stable preservation • Greater discoverability and visibility for scientists • Clarity on what qualifies as a respected preprint • Better services for scientists (beyond the pdf; machine access via an API • Reduced overall cost http://asapbio.org/summary-of-a-central-preprint-service-model Thank you ASAPbio Advisory board ASAPbio Funding Pam Silver Ron Vale (UCSF) Simons Iain Cheeseman James Fraser (UCSF) Sloan Daniel Colόn-Ramos (Yale) Arnold Harold Varmus (Cornell) Moore Harlan Krumholz (Yale) Cynthia Wolberger (JHU) Tony Hyman (MPI) [email protected], @jessicapolka.