2017 Legal Report ACCESS%TO%HEALTHCARE IN%./%EUROPEAN%COUNTRIES Table of contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 Acronyms ........................................................................................................................ 7 Glossary.......................................................................................................................... 12 BELGIUM ...................................................................................................................... 14 National Health System ........................................................................................ 14 Constitutional basis .............................................................................................. 14 Organisation and funding of Belgian healthcare system ............................................ 14 Accessing Belgium healthcare system .................................................................... 15 Access to healthcare for migrants .............................................................................. 16 Asylum seekers, refugees and those eligible for subsidiary protection ........................ 16 Undocumented migrants ....................................................................................... 17 EU mobile citizens ............................................................................................... 20 Unaccompanied minors ........................................................................................ 21 Protection of seriously ill foreign nationals ........................................................... 22 The admissibility of the application ........................................................................ 22 The substantive decision ....................................................................................... 22 The European Court of Human Rights and the Paposhvili v. Belgium case ................. 23 Prevention and treatment of infectious diseases ................................................... 24 Access to organ transplantation for foreign people ...................................................... 24 FRANCE ........................................................................................................................ 25 National Health System ........................................................................................ 25 Constitutional basis .............................................................................................. 25 Organisation and funding of French healthcare system ............................................. 25 Accessing France healthcare system ....................................................................... 26 Universal Medical Coverage: PUMA and CMU-C .................................................. 27 Supplementary health insurance assistance scheme: ACS ........................................ 28 The free medical centre system ( Permanence d’Accès aux Soins – PASS ) .................. 29 Positive reform on eligibility criteria ...................................................................... 29 New healthcare bill – January 2016 ........................................................................ 29 Access to healthcare for migrants .......................................................................... 30 Asylum seekers and refugees ................................................................................. 30 Undocumented migrants ....................................................................................... 32 EU citizens .......................................................................................................... 34 Unaccompanied minors ........................................................................................ 35 Protection of seriously ill foreign nationals ........................................................... 35 i Prevention and treatment of infectious diseases ................................................... 37 Sexually Transmitted Infections ............................................................................ 37 Tuberculosis ........................................................................................................ 37 The situation in Mayotte ........................................................................................... 38 Discrimination by the healthcare scheme ................................................................ 38 Compliance to law ............................................................................................... 38 GERMANY .................................................................................................................... 40 National Health System ........................................................................................ 40 Organisation and funding German healthcare system ............................................... 40 Accessing Germany healthcare system ................................................................... 41 Access to healthcare for migrants .......................................................................... 42 Asylum seekers and refugees ................................................................................. 42 Undocumented migrants ....................................................................................... 44 Termination of pregnancy ..................................................................................... 45 EU citizens .......................................................................................................... 46 Unaccompanied minors ........................................................................................ 46 Protection of seriously ill foreign nationals ........................................................... 47 Prevention and treatment of infectious diseases ................................................... 48 GREECE ........................................................................................................................ 49 National Health System ........................................................................................ 49 Constitutional basis .............................................................................................. 49 Historical background .......................................................................................... 49 Organisation and funding of Greek healthcare system .............................................. 49 Recent reforms of the healthcare system ................................................................. 49 Functioning of Greek healthcare system ................................................................. 51 Accessing Greece healthcare system ...................................................................... 52 Termination of pregnancy ..................................................................................... 52 Access to healthcare for migrants .......................................................................... 53 Asylum seekers and refugees ................................................................................. 53 Undocumented migrants ....................................................................................... 53 EU citizens .......................................................................................................... 54 Unaccompanied minors ........................................................................................ 54 Protection of seriously ill foreign nationals ........................................................... 56 Prevention and treatment of infectious diseases ................................................... 56 Detention on public health grounds ........................................................................ 56 HIV testing and treatment ..................................................................................... 57 IRELAND ...................................................................................................................... 58 ii National Health System ........................................................................................ 58 Basis, Organisation and funding of Irish healthcare system ....................................... 58 Accessing Ireland healthcare system ...................................................................... 60 Access to healthcare for migrants .......................................................................... 62 Asylum seekers and refugees ................................................................................. 62 Undocumented migrants ....................................................................................... 63 EU Mobile citizens ............................................................................................... 65 Reciprocal health agreement ................................................................................. 66 Unaccompanied minors ........................................................................................ 66 Protection of seriously ill foreign nationals ........................................................... 66 Prevention and treatment of infectious diseases ................................................... 67 Irish travellers: a national specific situation ......................................................... 68 ITALY ...........................................................................................................................