Sorumlu Yazar (Corresponding Author): Dr. Ali Osman SARI E-mail: [email protected] 1 ANADOLU 24 (2) 2014 ANADOLU, J. of AARI ISSN: 1300 - 0225 27 (2) 2017, 17 - 25 MFAL Biodiversity for Food and Nutrition Project: Black Sea Region Studies Kursad OZBEK¹* Sevinc KARABAK¹ Nurcan AYSAR GUZELSOY2 Nurgul SARI¹ Rukiye MURAT DURAN¹ Rahmi TASCI¹ Birgul GUNER3 Hilal YUCEARSLAN4 Durmus DENIZ¹ Ahmet AKSOY5 ¹Field Crops Central Research Institute, Ankara / TURKEY 2 Central Research Institute of Food and Feed Control, Bursa / TURKEY 3General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Ankara / TURKEY 4Variety Registration and Seed Certification Center, Ankara / TURKEY 5University of Akdeniz, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Antalya / TURKEY * Corresponding author (Sorumlu yazar): e-mail: [email protected] Received (Geliş tarihi): 02.10.2017 Accepted (Kabul tarihi): 13.11.2017 ABSTRACT: Although wild species, landraces and species diversity play an important role in global food security and are necessary for food safety and nutrition, they are very rarely included in daily diets. The "Biodiversity for Food and Nutrition" project, which aims to ensure sustainable use of agricultural biodiversity, was carried out in three pilot sites in Turkey. As part of the project, Kastamonu, Samsun and Sinop provinces were chosen as the pilot sites in the Black Sea Region. At the beginning of the project, ten wild edible species and a landrace were identified by the pre-surveys performed at the Black Sea pilot site. The samples of the species were collected from at least ten locations and analyzed to determine their nutritional content. Most of the wild edible species found to be intensively consumed in the Black Sea pilot site are rich in minerals, vitamins and fiber. Preliminary surveys were conducted to obtain socio-economic information and traditional knowledge on wild edibles. The monograph technique was used and detailed data were collected using questionnaires. The surveys were conducted by collecting species and meeting face-to-face with collectors and consumers. Questionnaires were administered to a sample of 111 collectors and 295 consumers. The survey results showed that the most well-known and consumed wild edible species in Sinop and Kastamonu is Kaldirik. Most of the consumers stated that they consume wild species once or twice a week. Preparation of necessary policies and legislation will be addressed on the basis of knowledge that was obtained from this project. Awareness- raising activities will be held with the stakeholders to strengthen the sustainable use of these species. Keywords: Wild edible, landrace, biodiversity, nutrition, traditional knowledge, einkorn, Black Sea Region. Gıda ve Beslenme için Biyoçeşitlilik Projesi: Karadeniz Bölgesi Çalışmaları ÖZ: Yabani yenilebilir türler, yerel çeşitler ve tür çeşitliliği küresel gıda güvenliği ve beslenme için hayati önem taşısa da günlük beslenmemizde oldukça az yer tutmaktadır. Tarımsal biyoçeşitliliğin sürdürülebilir kullanımının sağlanmasını amaçlayan “Gıda ve Beslenme için Biyoçeşitlilik projesi” Türkiye’de üç pilot alanda yürütülmektedir. Bu amaçla Karadeniz bölgesi çalışma alanı için Kastamonu, Samsun ve Sinop illeri seçilmiştir. Projenin başlangıcında, Karadeniz bölgesinde yapılan ön çalışmalarla on yenilebilir yabani tür ve bir adet yerel çeşit seçilmiştir. Bu türler besin içeriklerinin belirlenmesi için en az on noktadan toplanmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarında Karadeniz’de yaygın olarak tüketilen türlerin çoğunun mineral, vitamin ve lif açısından zengin olduğu görülmüştür. Hedef türlere ait sosyoekonomik ve geleneksel bilgilerin elde edilmesine yönelik ön 17 ANADOLU 27 (2) 2017 araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Anketlerde monografi tekniği kullanılarak detaylı bilgi elde edilmiştir. Toplama ve anket çalışmalarında toplayıcı ve tüketicilerle yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Anket çalışmalarında toplam 111 toplayıcı ve 295 tüketici ile görüşülmüştür. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda Sinop ve Kastamonu’da en çok bilinen ve tüketilen yabani yenilebilir türün Kaldirik olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Çoğu tüketici yabani yenilebilir türler haftada bir iki kez tükettiklerini ifade etmişlerdir. Gerekli politika ve mevzuatın hazırlanması konusu bu projeden elde edilen bilgilere dayanarak ele alınacaktır. Bu türlerin sürdürülebilir kullanımını güçlendirmek için paydaşlarla birlikte bilinçlendirme faaliyetleri düzenlenmektedir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Yabani yenilebilir, yerel çeşit, biyoçeşitlilik, beslenme, geleneksel bilgi, siyez, Karadeniz Bölgesi. INTRODUCTION raising and dissemination) are also among the aims of the project. Within the scope of the project, The world’s population has been growing for some pilot sites were defined and the target species several decades. Biodiversity is very important for in these areas were selected. meeting the nutritional needs of such a growing population. The growth of population causes a There are various studies conducted on alternative decrease in the food supplies. Therefore, nutrition trends and traditionally consumed species sustainable use of wild edibles as a source of to prevent the fast food consumption, especially in alternative nutrition is very important. For this the developed countries. Additional assessment of purpose, the BFN Project (Biodiversity for Food the use of these species, found to be mostly and Nutrition) was carried out in the Black Sea consumed by the preliminary studies in the Black Region (Kastamonu, Samsun and Sinop Sea pilot site will be helpful for the sustainable provinces), the Aegean Region (Izmir, Balikesir, management of agricultural biodiversity and the Muğla and Aydın provinces) and the passing down of traditional knowledge. Studies on Mediterranean Region (Antalya, Konya, Içel and the use of wild edibles and landraces, especially in Karaman Provinces) of Turkey. Within the scope the countries like Turkey where traditional of this project, some studies on wild edibles and knowledge is widely used are very important for Einkorn were conducted in the Black Sea pilot site. ensuring the sustainable use of biodiversity and This study aims to increase welfare of target users meeting the food needs of the growing population. and to contribute to the improvement of food security by ensuring conservation and sustainable MATERIALS AND METHODS use of biodiversity for food and nutrition. The objective of the project is to ensure conservation of MATERIALS agricultural biodiversity and to strengthen its sustainable management through national and The project site, i.e. the Black Sea pilot site, is global nutrition, food and livelihood security located in the Euro-Siberian biogeographic region strategies and programs. and through the Irano-Turanian biogeographic region. The region is very mountainous and The project also aims to create an integrated heavily forested and exhibits a rich fauna and flora knowledge base about agriculture, environment with a high level of endemism. The people living and public health and to make it available to the in the rural areas use various plants for nutritional use of the relevant sectors for the purpose of purposes. Therefore, the Black Sea pilot site was contributing to the conservation of biodiversity and included in this project. improvement of welfare in four partner countries. Besides, promoting conservation and sustainable To identify the prioritized species, selection use of biodiversity across all sectors by means of criteria for the wild edibles and landraces were set policies (policy and strategy development), raising in 2013 at the beginning of the Project as follows awareness of the importance of biodiversity in potential in nutrition, market opportunities, multi- food and nutrition and developing tools and user functionality and traditional and modern use equipment that will help disseminating best of the edible wild species and landraces. The practices at the local and national level (awareness information about the species was revised based on 18 K. OZBEK, S. KARABAK, N. A. GUZELSOY, N. SARI, R. M. DURAN, R. TASCI, B. GUNER, H. YUCEARSLAN, D. DENIZ, A. AKSOY: BIODIVERSITY FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION PROJECT: BLACK SEA REGION STUDIES the information gathered from each region by pre- collection was performed using questionnaires. surveys and the most common edible plants in each Besides, a pre-data collection was conducted in the pilot site were determined. residential areas and the farmers markets. The sample size was selected purposefully in a way to 11 different species were identified (Table 1) and represent the population. Surveys were conducted the current data on these species were obtained via in 2014 in 8 districts of the pilot provinces of surveys, questionnaires, field observations and the Kastamonu and Sinop. Totally 339 consumer, 143 studies in the related literature. collector/producer were surveyed (Table 2). METHODS Questionnaires targeting local markets, local food restaurants, supermarkets and a selected number of Collection villages in the Black Sea pilot site were conducted to document information on the trade and In 2014, data collection and standardization of consumption of wild edibles and Einkorn and sampling protocols were completed. Training of preparation and cooking methods and to assess the the enumerators for the assessment of local socio-economic importance of target biodiversity. biodiversity for food and nutrition was done and Some information was also obtained from the wild the