More than churches An approach to develop strategies for the economical future of the villages of Transylvania Lukas Valentin Flandorfer 01126310 Kleines Entwerfen Schönberg 2018S More than churches An approach to develop strategies for the economical future of th villages of Transylvania Lukas Valentin Flandorfer Vienna University of Technology, Department of Architecture [email protected] Keywords: agriculture, traditional farming, economy, fortifed church, landscape, wildlife 1. Preamble When I started thinking about the project, Romania, Transylvania and the Saxon villages I had the idea that food could be the key to boost tourism, economy and living standard in the villages. It should be a program or a programmatic intervention which connects all the villages in some way. I thought all these villages are probably very similar to each other and only covering the area with one big idea would attract enough people to achieve a good performance. But after all the experiences I had in the region, in the villages, with the people and the more I thought about them, my conclusion shifted from accentuating the similiarites to developing the differencies. Maybe the villages are similar, but the strategic focus should switch from the similiarites (fortified churches) to differencies, which do not even have to be very distinct already. There are so many possibilities originating from cultural traditions, landscape, handcrafts and so on. The goal has to be to create a network of possibilities, generated from the uniQueness of each single village while avoiding separation. Also I want to note that this possibilities do not have to focus on tourism exclusively, but rather be strategies to strengthen the economy and quality of life in the villages. Tourism will develop additionally because requirements such as landscape and cultural heritage are given. a c i l ş Ludus M e e E 60 k 2. The Saxon villages ri a A v o a K e Rimetea ârn E 578 T lein More than 160 fortified churches and fortress Iernut K Bălăuşeri ş e Chiraleş churches can be counted in Transylvanian Unirea Mur h Kyrieleis sc Şoimuş Dumitreni Posmuş Idrifaia Agrişteu Miere Paßbusch Laslăul Laslău Mic E 81 Mare Kleinlasseln towns and villages, accompanied by several Teaca Căpîlna de Sus OCNA MUREŞ Tekendorf Filitelnic MIERESCHHALL Bahnea Zagăr Felldorf Ţigmandru M Bernadea Rode Seleuş Zuckmantel U normal churches built by the Transylvanian Kleinalisch Senereuş N Tirnăveni Zendersch Ţ Ormeniş ODORHEIU SECUIESC I Găneşti Pipea I Irmesch ODORHELLEN (HOFMARKT) Gogan Nadeş H Varola Viişoara Magheruş Nadesch Saxons. Also Szekely fortifed churches can be Maldorf Maniersch A Daia Vilac R Adămuş Aiud G Straßburg am Mieresch Viişoara E 60 Băgaciu Hohndorf (Großenyed) Hetiur Boiu Târnav seen in some villages. Seven fortifed churches Veseuş Bogeschdorf Idiciu a Mare Valea Sasului Michelsdorf Sântioana Marienburg Belleschdorf Johannisdorf Prod Şoard Cund Pruden Große Rădeşti Delenii Reußdorf Seleuş Albeşti Kokel Cetatea de Curciu Großalisch Weisskirch are included in the UNESCO World Heritage. Gîrbova de Jos Sânmiclăuş Capâlna Kirtsch Mureni de Jos Baltă Dumbrăveni Feleag Kokelburg Velţ Şmig Giacăş Elisabethstadt Hoghilag Vinători Pănade Biia Wölz Păucea Schmiegen Halwelagen Boian Puschendorf Daneş Dunesdorf SIGHIŞOARA Jidvei Feisa Bonnesdorf E 60 Laslea SCHÄßBURG Dârjiu Şona Seiden Blăjel Dârlos Saschiz Kleinblasendorf Şaroş pe Târnave Großlasseln Dersch Teiuş Schönau Durles Keisd Archita Petecu Bucerdea Grînoasă Scharosch Petek Since most Saxons left Transylvania from Sîncel Bălcaciu Tătârlaua Bazna Arkeden Petrisat Bulkesch Taterloch Baaßen Valchid Cricău E 81 Brateiu Waldhütten Ioneşti Krakau Şaeş Şapartoc Pretai Roandola Stejăreni Mihai Viteazu Eisdorf Crăciunelu MEDIAŞ Peschendorf Schaas Cloaşterf Blaj de Sus Dupuş Rauthal 1990 to 1992 the left-behind houses and Tobsdorf Vulcan Klosdorf Beia MEDIASCH Floreşti Wolkendorf Drăuşeni Oiejdea Ațel Meeburg Draas Mănărade Hetzeldorf Felsendorf Criș Daia Ighiu Donnersmarkt Târnăvioara Kreisch Roadeş Kleinprobstdorf Târnava Biertan Denndorf Krapundorf Chesler Buzd Apold Radeln churches fall into disrepair more and more. Sîntimbru Großprobstdorf Birthälm Trappold Criţ Valea Lungă Bußd Copşa Mare Deutsch-Kreuz Jimbor Şard Langenthal Großkopisch Sommerburg Schard Ighişu Nou Buneşti Copşa Henig Eibesdorf Moşna Richiş Mălâncrav Bodendorf Caţa Baraolt While the houses are now used by Romanians Bărbănţ Cergăul Mare Lunca Axente Sever Mică Meschen Reichesdorf Nou Săsesc Fişer Racoşul de Sus Dumitra Neudorf Malmkrog Katzendorf Micăsasa Frauendorf Valea Viilor Brădeni Meșendorf Schweischer Miceşti Henndorf Wurmloch Nemşa Netuş Teline Meschendorf Tău Agârbiciu Nimesch Neithausen Mercheaşa and Roma, the fortified churches often are Ţapu Arbegen Iacobeni Roşia de Abtsdorf Jakobsdorf Streitfort E 60 ALBA IULIA Berghin Ohaba Secaş Alma-Vii Stejărişu Şoala Almen Viscri Homorod Blutroth Cenade Pelişor Probstdorf Grânari Deutsch-Weißkirch lt KARLSBURG Scholten Schaal Motiş Magarei Noiștat Retiş Hamruden O vacant and unused since there is nobody left Şeica Mica Mortesdorf Neustadt Retersdorf Rupea lt Ghirbom Kleinschelken Metiş Zlagna Apoș Reps A Petiş Schlatt Abtsdorf Şoroştin Martinsdorf Jibert Petersdorf Moardăş Dacia Ormeniş Schorsten Şeica Mare Boarta Mardisch Movile Seiburg Oarda de Jos Marktschelken Michelsdorf Ruja Hundertbücheln Stein to maintain the buildings and a lot of fnancial Roseln Hoghiz Păuca Ighişu Bărcut Ungra Daia Română Mighindoala Răvăşel Bekokten Galt E 81 Vingard Ungurei Törnen Engenthal Rosch Vechi Agnita Weingartskirchen CoveşAgnetheln Dealul Frumos Dopca V Gergeschdorf Schönberg Lovnic d Buia Seliștat Leblang Aita Mare resources are necessary to make repairs and Lancrăm Haşag Bell Vecerd u Bârghiş Seligstadt Dăişoara Aitau Haschagen Şalcău ci Merghindeal Şpring Veseud Ştenea a Mergeln Văleni Cobor Apaţa Presaca Armeni Wassid h Kiewern Doştat ș SERTARE CUt ibROTILE, c Ru i r a Şoarş Belin keep the churches in good condition. Since SEBEŞ Reussen Beneşti Crihalma Blumendorf Boz Hâ Vărd Scharosch MÜHLBACH Bußd Gusu Alămor Alţîna Werd Cincu Gieshübel Harb Veseud Großschenk Ticuşu Vechi Mândra Alzen Felmer Ticişul Nou Cut Ghiasa de Jos Zied Felmern Deutsch-Tekes 2015 "Stiftung Kirchenburgen", a foundation E 81 Draşov Ludos E 60 Cunţa Slimnic Toarcla Petreşti Stolzenburg Tarteln Rodbav Maieruş Vurpăr Rohrbach Nußbach Petersdorf Răhau Burgberg Nocrich Miercurea Sibiului Leschkirch Chirpăr Bruiu Boholţ founded in Germany, is in charge to conserve E 68 Kirchberg Braller Sebeşel Reußmarkt Marpod Hălmeag Veneţia de Jos Câlnic Ţichindeal Marpod Kelling Ocna Sibiului Hamba Topârcea Calbor Salzburg Hahnbach Ilimbav Săscior Dumbrava Apoldu de Jos Gherdeal Şona Olt Hăghig the cultural heritage of the Saxon fortified Kleinpold Şura Mare Galati Rotbav Răchita Reciu Großscheuern Şomartin Gürteln Părău Deal Apoldu de Sus Rothbach Rätsch Săsăuş Martinsberg Cincşor Alt Gârbova Großpold Amnaș Nou Fofeldea Crizbav Şura Mica Neudorf Kleinschenk Căpîlna Urwegen Dobârca Hamlesch FĂGĂRAŞ churches. Kleinscheuern Roşia Poieniţa Şercaia Araci Dobring Guşteriţa Rucăr Beclean Fogarasch Feldioara E 81 Hammersdorf Rothberg Hosman Schirkanyen Cărpiniş Holzmengen E 68 Marienburg Ruşciori Nou Român Feldioara Poiana Sibiului Cornăţel Reußdörfchen Daia SIBIU Thalheim Nucet Glâmboaca Dumbrăviţa Tilişca Colun Rod E 68 E 81 HERMANNSTADT Cârţa E 68 Satu Nou Bod Cristian Turnişor E 81 Bungard Kerz E 68 Vlădeni Brenndorf In the map all Transylvanian villages with Jina Vale Săcel Großau Neppendorf Caşolţ Kastenholz Săcădate Hălchiu Heldsdorf Şelimbar Sibiel Orlat Schellenberg Porumbacu de Jos Hărman Honigberg saxon churches and fortifed churches, as well h Fântânele Mohu BV E 68 Sitz der Bezirkskonsistorien / Headquarter of County Consistory / ş c Sânpetru e Bradu Cărţişoara a Avrig Sediul Consistoriului Districtual Petersberg Gura Râului Veştem Gierelsau Freck Poplaca eb Codlea as churches which are part of the UNESCO Cisnădie E 68 S Heltau Orte mit Kirchenburgen / Places with Fortified Church / Zeiden E 574 Mühlb Răşinari Ghimbav Cisnădioara Localităţi cu biserică fortificată E 68 Weidenbach Michelsberg E 60 M Racoviţa World Heritage are tagged. U N Ţ I Orte mit Kirchen / Places with Evangelic Church / BRAŞOV I Tălmaciu C Sadu Talmesch Sebeşu de Sus I N Localităţi cu biserică evanghelică KRONSTADT D B R in Păltiniş B âr E Vulcan L Cib n Sebeşu de Jos urz s Wolkendorf Cristian / ibi Tălmăcel a Neustadt Z Z E 60 I Turnu Roşu e B I Boiţa n E 574 N Săcele S G M U N Ţ I I F Ă G Ă R A Ş / F O G A R A S C H E R G E B I R G E E B I R M U N Ţ I I B U C E G I G Râşnov E E 81 Rosenau Zărneşti Tahanul Vechi a c i l ş Ludus M e e E 60 k ri a A v o a K e Rimetea ârn E 578 T lein Iernut K Bălăuşeri ş e Chiraleş Unirea Mur h Kyrieleis sc Şoimuş Dumitreni Posmuş Idrifaia Agrişteu Miere Paßbusch Laslăul Laslău Mic E 81 Mare Kleinlasseln Teaca Căpîlna de Sus OCNA MUREŞ Tekendorf Filitelnic MIERESCHHALL Bahnea Zagăr Felldorf Ţigmandru M Bernadea Rode Seleuş Zuckmantel U Kleinalisch Senereuş N Tirnăveni Zendersch Ţ Ormeniş ODORHEIU SECUIESC I Găneşti Pipea I Irmesch ODORHELLEN (HOFMARKT) Gogan Nadeş H Varola Viişoara Magheruş Nadesch Maldorf Maniersch A Daia Vilac R Adămuş Aiud G Straßburg am Mieresch Viişoara E 60 Băgaciu Hohndorf (Großenyed) Hetiur Boiu Târna Veseuş Bogeschdorf Idiciu va Mare Valea Sasului Michelsdorf Sântioana Marienburg Belleschdorf Johannisdorf Prod Şoard Cund Pruden Große Rădeşti Delenii Reußdorf Seleuş Albeşti Kokel Cetatea de Curciu Großalisch Weisskirch Gîrbova de