Managing for health and safety Speaker: Mr. Yu Pak Kuen 2014 Factories &Industrial Undertakings (Safety Management) Regulations Organisations have a legal duty to put in place suitable arrangements to manage for health and safety. Coverage • Factory • Construction site • Shipyard • Designated undertakings (include container handling) What is a safety management system? • Broadly, a SMS is a planned, documented and verifiable method of managing hazards and associated risks. • A SMS is distinguished by a linked of program elements designed to reduce hazards and risks Application of the management model • To a safety management system • To the safety elements of a safety management system Planning Feedback loop Developing Auditing Organising Implementing Feedback loop Measuring Legends Information link Control link Labour Department Safety Management Model Safety Management RegulationsPlanning A proprietorFeedback or contractor required to : loop 1.Develop (Planning + DevelopingDeveloping) 2.Implement (Organising + Implementing) Auditing Organising 3.Maintain (Measuring + Auditing) Implementing a safety management system. Feedback loop (with reference to the Model andMeasuring Scope of 14 Elements) Legends Information link Control link How to establish a safety managementPlanning system? 1. DevelopFeedback loop Developing • Planning • Initial status analysis Auditing Organising • Periodic status analysis • Risk assessment Implementing • Developing Feedback loop • Safety Policy Measuring • Safety Plan Legends Information link Control link Planning How to develop a safety management system? Feedback 2. Implementloop Developing • Organizing - People andAuditing resources to Organising accomplish objectives • Implementing Implementing Feedback - Carrying out the plans to loop Measuring achieve the desired objectives under controlLegends. Information link Control link How to develop a safety managementPlanning system? 3. MaintainFeedback loop • Measuring Developing • Proactive monitoring of performance • Reactive monitoringAuditing of performanceOrganising • Auditing Implementing • Feedback loop to the planning stage. Feedback loop • Safety auditor or review officer Measuring • Take actions on reports. Legends Information link Control link 14 Elements of SMS (Scope) 1. Safety Policy 2. Safety organization 3. Safety committees 4. Safety training 5. Job-hazard analysis -risk assessment 6. Occupational health assurance programme 7. Accident control and hazard elimination-process control programme 8. In-house safety rules 9. PPE programme- Hazard control programme 10. Safety Inspection programme 11. Accident/incident investigation 12. Emergency Preparedness 13. Evaluation, selection and control of sub-contractors 14. Safety and health awareness Element 1 Safety Policy A safety policy which states the commitment of the proprietor or contractor to safety and health at work • Develop a corporate safety policy • Commitment • Contents • Review of safety policy Element 2 Safety organization A structure to assure implementation of the commitment to safety and health at work • Assigning safety and health responsibilities • Line organization • General responsibilities • Functional responsibilities • Programme responsibilities • Accountability Element 3 Safety committees Platform for consultation and communication to identify, recommend and keep under review measures to improve the safety and health at work. • Policy • Legal requirements • Functions of safety committee • Organization of safety committee • Roles of members • Planning • Implementing • Follow-up Element 4 Safety training Training to equip personnel with knowledge to work safely and without risk to health • Self-improving cycle • Training needs analysis • Training plan • Evaluation of the effectiveness of training • Maintenance of training records Element 5 Job-hazard analysis-risk assessment Evaluation of job related hazards or potential hazards and development procedures • Risk assessment policy • Planning of risk assessment • Organizing • Implementing and maintaining the risk control measures • Monitoring • Reviewing Element 6 Occupational health assurance programme A programme to protect workers from occupational health hazards • Policy • Planning for occupational health assurance programme • Organizing, implementing and monitoring • Training • Health surveillance • Reviewing Element 7 Accident control and hazard elimination-Process Control Programme A programme for accident control and elimination of hazards before exposing workers to any adverse work environment • Policy • Planning for process control programme • Organizing • Implementing • Monitoring • Reviewing Element 8 In-house safety rules In-house safety rules to provide instruction for achieving safety management objectives In-house safety rules is an administrative control • Planning and organizing of in-house safety rules • General safety rules • Specialized safety rules • Monitor compliance • Reviewing Element 9 Hazard control programme – PPE programme A programme to identify hazardous exposure or the risk of such exposure to the workers and to provide suitable personal protective equipment as a last resort where engineering control methods are not feasible. • Policy • Identification of hazardous exposure • Provision of suitable PPE • Planning of a PPE programme Element 10 Safety Inspection programme A programme of inspection identify hazardous conditions and for the rectification of any such conditions at regular intervals or as appropriate • Develop a safety inspection policy • Planning for inspection programme • Planning & Developing of inspection programme • Organizing • Implementing • Review Element 11 Accident/incident investigation to find out the cause of any accident or incident and to develop prompt arrangement to prevent recurrence • Policy • Accident/incident investigation programme • Reviewing Element 12 Emergency Preparedness to develop, communicate and execute plans prescribing the effective management of emergency conditions • Policy • Identification of all potential emergencies • Emergency planning • Organizing • Emergency response plan • Reviewing Element 13 Evaluation, selection and control of sub-contractors to ensure that sub-contractors are fully aware of their safety obligations and are in fact meeting them • An approach to manage sub-contractor • Identification of suitable sub-contractors • Planning • In-house rules • Monitoring and control • Reviewing Element 14 Safety and health awareness Promotion, development and maintenance of safety and health awareness in a workplace • Policy • Planning for safety promotion programme • Organizing • Implementing • Reviewing Safety Audit - Definition • Collecting ) • Assessing ) • Verifying ) Information on • Efficiency ) Safety • Effectiveness ) Management • Reliability ) System • Considering improvement to the system Documentation • Keep health and safety documents functional and concise, with the emphasis on their effectiveness rather than sheer volume of paperwork. • Focusing too much on the formal documentation of a health and safety management system will distract from addressing the human elements of its implementation – the focus becomes the process of the system itself rather than actually controlling risks. Planning • Should include steps to ensure legal compliance and procedures for dealing with emergency situations • Using legal requirements and benchmarking to make comparisons • Profiling organisation’s health and safety risks • Decide what the priorities are and identify the biggest risks. Profiling organisation’s health and safety risks Consider all activities, taking account of possible harm to: • employees; • contractors; • members of the public; • those using products and services; • anyone else affected by the activity, such as neighbours. Methods to identify hazards • Including records of injury/illness and incidents; injury/illness/incident investigations; inspections; job hazard analysis, where identification is a prelude to hazard elimination and control; regular analysis of procedures and systems of work; use of legislation, codes of practice and government guidance material; product information, safety standards, industry or trade guidance; personal knowledge and experience of managers and employees; reporting of hazards by employees, fostered by prompt attention to issues so identified; expert advice and opinion. • Hazards are documented in a hazard register. Devised a system for Risk assessment • Consideration of a range of factors, including nature of the hazard, health effects, the likely severity of injury, the number of employees exposed to the hazard, work organisation, layout and general condition of the work environment, training and knowledge needed by the person to work safely in that environment, and the need for control measures. • Hazard analysis and risk assessment is a continuous process, with reassessment upon change in the workplace or the availability of new information on the hazard, and the conduct of periodic health and safety analysis reviews to monitor the effectiveness of controls and identify any further hazards. Risk controls • When considering risk controls, discuss the issues with workers and think about what is already being done, then compare it with the industry standard • The risk assessment might have to concentrate more on the broad range of risks that can be foreseen: • where the nature of the work may change fairly frequently or the workplace itself changes and develops (such as a construction