USAID SEA PROJECT ESTIMATED CATCH PER UNIT FISHING EFFORT OF SMALL PELAGIC, REEF AND MANGROVE CRAB FISHERIES IN FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AREA 715 Prepared by: Purwanto, Senior Fisheries Advisor, Ses Rini Mardiani, Sustainable Fisheries Specialist, and Regitri Darmawan, Fisheries Database Officer DISCLAIMER This report is made possible by the generous support of the American People through the United States Agency for the International Development (USAID) with the close collaboration of the Government of Indonesia (GoI). The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of Tetra Tech and do not necessary reflect the view of USAID or the United States Government (Delete this blank page after creating pdf. It’s here to make facing pages and left/right page numbers sequence correctly in word. Be careful to not delete this section break either, until after you have generated a final pdf. It will throw off the left/right page layout. i | ESTIMATED CATCH PER UNIT FISHING EFFORT USAID.GOV TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS I LIST OF FIGURES II LIST OF TABLES II LIST OF APPENDIXES II 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. DATA AND METHOD OF ANALYSIS 1 3. CPUE OF SMALL PELAGIC FISHERY 2 4. CPUE OF REEF FISHERY 4 4.1. NORTH MALUKU PROVINCE 4 4.2. MALUKU PROVINCE 7 5. CPUE OF MANGROVE CRAB FISHERY 8 REFERENCES 9 i | ESTIMATED CATCH PER UNIT FISHING EFFORT USAID.GOV LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. (A) Number of fishing days per trip and vessel productivity, and (B) the quantity of fish landed by a fishing vessel, in Bitung Oceanic Fishing Port, January 2018 – July 2019. .................................................... 3 Figure 2. Number of fishing days per trip, frequency of fishing gear setting and average weight of individual fish caught, in hand-line fishery in sea waters around Bacan Island, August 2018 – March 2020.4 Figure 3. (A) Productivity of hand-line fishery in sea waters around Bacan Island, and (B) the number of fish caught by each handline unit per setting by family and all species, January – December 2019. .............. 6 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Catch per unit effort of small pelagic fishery in FMA 715, 2018-2019. ................................................ 3 Table 2. Contribution of Lutjanidae, Serranidae and Lethrinidae families to the catch of hand-line fishery in sea waters around Bacan Island, 2018-2019. .......................................................................................................... 5 Table 3. Catch per unit effort and mean individual fish weight in the catch of handline reef fishery in sea waters around Halmahera Island of North Maluku Province, 2018-2019. .......................................................... 7 Table 4. Catch per unit effort of handline reef fishery operating in sea waters around Seram Island of Maluku Province, 2018-2019. .......................................................................................................................................... 8 Table 5. The CPUE of crab fishery in Bintuni Bay, West Papua ............................................................................. 8 LIST OF APPENDIXES Appendix 1. Small Pelagic Fishery in FMA 715 ......................................................................................................... 10 Appendix 2. CPUE of Reef Fish in North Maluku .................................................................................................... 11 Appendix 3. Reef Fish in North Maluku ..................................................................................................................... 14 Appendix 4. CPUE of Reef Fish in Maluku Province ............................................................................................... 20 Appendix 5. Reef Fish in Maluku Province................................................................................................................. 21 Appendix 6. CPUE of Crustacean in West Papua ................................................................................................... 24 ii | ESTIMATED CATCH PER UNIT FISHING EFFORT USAID.GOV 1. INTRODUCTION Most fish stocks in Indonesia are currently fully- and over-exploited (Ministerial Decrees no. 47/KEPMEN-KP/2016; 50/KEPMEN-KP/2017). Both overfishing and illegal fishing have seriously depleted marine resources and have decreased fisheries’ productivity and resilience. Strict fisheries management is required to rebuild stock abundance and restore sustainable productivity. An Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM), as recommended by FAO (2003), is adopted by MMAF to plan, develop and manage fisheries in a manner that addresses the multiple needs and desires of societies, without jeopardizing the options for future generations to benefit from the full range of goods and services provided by marine ecosystem (FAO, 2003). Under EAFM, efforts to rebuild stock abundance, to restore sustainable productivity, and to improve fishery condition should cover not only implementation of appropriate management measures, but also other supporting programs, which covers fisheries extension, surveillance and law enforcement, fisheries governance, and economic-related development programs. The management measures cover input control, output control, and technical measures, including restriction of fishing gears, closed fishing areas and season, and marine protected areas (MPA). To support the Government of Indonesia to conserve biological diversity and improve the governance of marine resources at local, district, provincial and national levels, USAID SEA Project has implemented activities in three provinces, West Papua, North Maluku, and Maluku Provinces, that lie within Indonesia’s FMA 715. The activities aim to (1) enhance conservation and sustainable use of marine resources by reforming fisheries management and promoting MPAs; and (2) strengthen the leadership role and capacity of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF) and local governments to promote conservation and sustainable fishing. Intervention to reform fisheries management included draft FMP for reef fishery, draft harvest strategy for small pelagic fishery, establishment of MPA, strengthened roles of fishery communities in fisheries surveillance. Capacity development was also conducted by training workshop for researchers, technical staff of MMAF and DKP, and local university lecturers, and dissemination to fishery business, fishers, and relevant community members. It is expected that the activities would result in positive impacts on the recovery of fish stocks and produce increases in vessel productivity. A common indicator used in fisheries to evaluate the abundance of fish stocks and the vessel productivity is catch per unit effort (CPUE), i.e. the catch of fish, in numbers or in weight, taken by a defined unit of fishing effort. 2. DATA AND METHOD OF ANALYSIS Data used resulted from fisheries monitoring. For the small pelagic fishery, the data were collected by USAID SEA Partner (WWF) in Tobelo Fishing Port, and in Galala and Weda Fishing village, and by MMAF Oceanic Fishing Port in Bitung. Meanwile, data on reef fishery were collected by USAID SEA Partner (WWF) in East and West Seram and Central Maluku Districts, and by USAID SEA Partner (WCS) in Obi, Bacan, Kayoa, Tidore, Sofifi, and Morotai. 1 | ESTIMATED CATCH PER UNIT FISHING EFFORT USAID.GOV The CPUE of small pelagic fishery is indicated by the weight of small pelagic fishes caught in a day by a 21-meter LOA vessel operating a purse-seine. Meanwhile, the CPUE of reef fishery in Maluku and North Maluku are indicated by the weight and number of reef fishes, respectively, caught by a 6 to 7-meter LOA vessel operating a handline. Furthermore, the calculation of CPUE also considered the type of machines used by the vessels. 3. CPUE OF SMALL PELAGIC FISHERY Small pelagic species targeted by the fishery distributed in Fisheries Management Area 715, covering several major seas, bays and straits among hundreds of small islands, namely the Tomini Bay in the west, the Maluku, Halmahera and Seram seas, and the Bay of Berau/Bay of Kaimana in the east. Six provinces bordering the region of the FMA 715 and the marine waters are all traditionally fishing ground though the magnitude of fishing effort varies from one to the other. They are Central Sulawesi, Gorontalo, North Sulawesi, North Maluku, Maluku and West Papua Provinces. There were various fishing gears used by fishers to catch small pelagic fish species. However, the main fishing gear used by small pelagic fishery was purse-seine. Purse-seiners contributed about 72 % and 74% of the small pelagic fishery production landed in North Sulawesi and North Maluku Provinces, respectively (DKP Sulut, 2013; DKP Malut, 2013). Current information on the contribution of purse- seiners could not be obtained since the MMAF has changed the design of statistical data collection. The purse-seine was operated by fishing vessels with various length, ranging from 15 to 28 meters length overall (LOA). However, about 66% of the catch was landed by purse-seine vessels of 21-22 meters LOA during 2018-2019. Therefore, the estimated productivity and the estimated CPUE of the small pelagic fishery in FMA 715 are presented using the average catch per day of purse-seiners, standardized into the catch of the 21 meters length overall (LOA) vessels operating purse seine. Similarly, the range of vessels used by fishers operating in Tobelo was 17-23 meters, but the 21 meter LOA vessels landed catch more than the other vessels with different sizes. Therefore,