COMPENDIUM OF ENVIRONMENT STATISETICS ETHIOPIA 2016 THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA NATIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION CENTRAL STATISTICAL AGENCY September/ 2017 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA NATIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION CENTRAL STATISTICAL AGENCY September/ 2017 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Contact Persons: Mr. Habekiristos Beyene; Director: Agriculture, Natural Resource and Environment Statistics Directorate Email; [email protected] Mr. Alemesht Ayele; Senior Statistician: Agriculture, Natural Resource and Environment Statistics Directorate Email; [email protected] Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia Addis Ababa P.O.BOX 1143 Telephone: +251-1155-30-11/+251-1156-38-82 Fax: +251-1111-5574/+251-1155-03-34 Website: www.csa.gov.et Table of Contents Page Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................... i LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................. iv LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................. vii PREFACE .............................................................................................................................. ix ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................ x UNIT OF MEASUREMENT AND STANDARD EQUIVALENTS ..................................... xii 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background Information .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Development of Environment Statistics in Ethiopia..................................................... 4 1.3 Compendium of Environment Statistics .................................................................... 5 1.4 Objectives ................................................................................................................... 6 1.5 Organization of the Report ........................................................................................ 6 1.6 Framework for the Development of Environment Statistics ........................................ 6 2. METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Methods of Data and Information Collection.............................................................. 10 2.2 Sources of Data and Information ................................................................................ 10 2.3 Method of Data Processing and Presentation .............................................................. 10 2.4 Concepts and Definitions .......................................................................................... 11 3. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND QUALITY................................................... 12 3.1 Background Information ............................................................................................ 12 3.2.1 Atmosphere, Weather and Climate ............................................................................ 12 3.2.2 Hydrographical Characteristics ................................................................................ 23 i Compendium of Environment Statistics; Ethiopia, 2016 3.2.3 Geological and Geographical Information ............................................................... 26 3.3 Ecosystems and Biodiversity ...................................................................................... 30 3.3.1 Ecosystems Diversity in Ethiopia ............................................................................ 31 3.3.2 Globally Threatened Species in Ethiopia ................................................................. 35 3.3.3. Forests .................................................................................................................... 41 4. ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES AND THEIR USE ................................................. 46 4.1 Background Information .............................................................................................. 46 4.2 Mineral Resources ....................................................................................................... 46 4.2.1. Stocks and Changes of Mineral Resources ................................................................ 46 4.2.2. Production and Trade of Minerals ............................................................................. 49 4.3. Energy Resources ....................................................................................................... 53 4.3.1. Stocks and Changes of Energy Resources ................................................................. 53 4.3.2. Production, Trade and Consumption of Energy......................................................... 54 4.4. Agricultural Land Use ................................................................................................. 59 4.5. Aquatic Resources ...................................................................................................... 61 4.6. Main Annual and Perennial Crops ............................................................................... 62 4.6.2. Trends of Production of Various Crops ..................................................................... 63 4.6.3. Trends of Major Grain Crops Productivity/ Crop Yield ............................................ 64 4.6.4. Inputs ....................................................................................................................... 65 4.7. Livestock .................................................................................................................... 70 4.8. Conserved Land by Soil and Water Conservation Measures ........................................ 73 5. RESIDUALS .................................................................................................................... 77 5.1 Emissions to Air .......................................................................................................... 77 5.1.1 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases ................................................................................ 77 5.2. Generation and Management of Waste ........................................................................ 83 ii Compendium of Environment Statistics; Ethiopia, 2016 5.2.1. Background Information ........................................................................................... 83 5.2.2 Amount of Waste Generated by Source ..................................................................... 84 6 E X T R E M E EV E N T S A N D DI S A S T E R S ................................................ 87 6.1 Natural Extreme Events and Disasters ........................................................................ 87 6.1.1 Occurrence of Natural Extreme Events and Disasters ................................................ 87 6.2 Technological Disasters ............................................................................................. 90 6.2.1 Occurrence of Technological Disasters ...................................................................... 90 7. HUMAN SETLEMENTS ANDS ENVIRONMENTAL HELTH .................................... 94 7.1. Background Information ............................................................................................. 94 7.1.1. Human Settlements................................................................................................... 94 7.2. Urban and Rural Population ........................................................................................ 95 7.3. Access to Selected Basic Services ............................................................................. 98 7.4. Environmental Concerns Specific to Urban Settlements .......................................... 103 7.4.1. Transportation ........................................................................................................ 103 7.5. Environmental Health ............................................................................................... 106 8. ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION, MANAGEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT ................ 110 8.1. Environmental Regulation and Instruments ............................................................... 110 8.2. Participation in MEAs and Environmental Conventions ............................................ 111 8.3. Participation in MEAs and Other Global Environmental Conventions ....................... 113 References .......................................................................................................................... 114 iii Compendium of Environment Statistics; Ethiopia, 2016 LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1: Component and Sub-Component in FDES .....................................................................9 Table 2: Mean Temperature for Ethiopia (2006- 2015) .............................................................. 18 Table 3: Monthly Average Maximum and Minimum Temperature by Regions (2006- 2015) .... 20 Table 4:- Mean Monthly Temperature (Maximum, Minimum and Average) .............................. 21 Table 5: Occurrence of El Niño and La Nina Years and Their Intensities ................................. 23 Table 6: The Salient Features of Water Resources Potential in All River Basins of Ethiopia...... 24 Table 7: Hydrographical Characteristics of