OÈÎÔÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈÎfi˜ O‰ËÁfi˜ §›ÌÓ˘ TÚȯˆÓ›‰·˜ ñ ¶ANE¶I™THMIO IøANNINøN TÌ‹Ì· ¢È·¯Â›ÚÈÛ˘ ¶ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ & º˘ÛÈÎÒÓ ¶fiÚˆÓ ñ ETAIPEIA ¶PO™TA™IA™ TPIXøNI¢A™ ñ Y¶EXø¢E YÔ˘ÚÁÂ›Ô ¶ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜, XˆÚÔÙ·Í›·˜ & ¢ËÌÔÛ›ˆÓ ŒÚÁˆÓ ™˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›·: ¢HMO™ £E™TIEøN A¶PI§IO™ 2004 Ecotouristic Guide of Lake Trichonida ñ UNIVERSITY OF IOANNINA Department of Environmental & Natural Resources Management ñ SOCIETY FOR THE PROTECTION OF TRICHONIDA ñ HELLENIC MINISTRY FOR THE ENVIRONMENT PHYSICAL PLANNING & PUBLIC WORKS With the support of the THESTIEON MUNICIPALITY APRIL 2004 Ecotouristic Guide OÈÎÔÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈÎfi˜ O‰ËÁfi˜ of lake Trichonida §›ÌÓ˘ TÚȯˆÓ›‰·˜ Special publication of the Hellenic Ministry for the Environment EȉÈ΋ ¤Î‰ÔÛË ÛÙ· Ï·›ÛÈ· ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ Y¶EXø¢E “¶ÚÔÛÙ·Û›· Physical Planning & Public Works for the Programme ¶ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ Î·È ‚ÈÒÛÈÌË ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË” Ì ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙÈÎfi ̤ÛÔ ÙÔ ETEP¶™. ”Environmental Protection and substantial development” T›ÙÏÔ˜ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ “¢Ú¿ÛÂȘ ·Ó¿‚·ıÌÈÛ˘ Î·È ‚ÈÒÛÈÌ˘ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ÛÙË Ï›ÌÓË TÚȯˆÓ›‰·” PROJECT SUPERVISOR Panayotis Dion. Dimopoulos, E¶O¶TEIA EK¢O™H™ Ass. Professor of Botany - University of Ioannina, Department of ¶·Ó·ÁÈÒÙ˘ ¢ÈÔÓ. ¢ËÌfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ Environmental and Natural Resources Management E›ÎÔ˘ÚÔ˜ ηıËÁËÙ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ Iˆ·ÓÓ›ÓˆÓ, ÙÌ‹Ì· ¢È·¯Â›ÚÈÛ˘ ¶ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ Î·È º˘ÛÈÎÒÓ ¶fiÚˆÓ TEXTS - MATERIAL SUPERVISION KEIMENA - E¶IME§EIA Y§H™ Constance Trabazali KˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›· TÚ·Ì¿˙·ÏË TRANSLATION KÔÈÓˆÓÈÔÏfiÁÔ˜ - EıÓÔÏfiÁÔ˜ Ector Papadakis METAºPA™H PHOTOGRAPHS ŒÎÙÔÚ·˜ ¶··‰¿Î˘ ñ Yannis Roussopoulos ºøTO°PAºIE™ (Photos from the programme “LIFE - NATURE `99”) ñ °È¿ÓÓ˘ PÔ˘ÛfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ ñ Dimitris Spartinos (·Ô ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· “LIFE - ºY™H `99” ) CREATIVE - ARTISTIC SUPERVISION ñ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚ˘ ™·ÚÙÈÓfi˜ Theodore Kokkalis ¢HMIOYP°IKO - KA§§ITEXNIKH E¶IME§EIA £Âfi‰ˆÚÔ˜ KfiÎηÏ˘ DESIGN - EDITORIAL PRODUCTION PROVOLI PUBLICITY SA ™XE¢IA™MO™ - ¶APA°ø°H tel +30/210 2851432, fax +30/210 2825855 PROVOLI PUBLICITY AE e-mail : [email protected] ÙËÏ. 210/2851432, fax. 210/2825855 e-mail: [email protected] © COPYRIGHT ñ UNIVERSITY OF IOANNINA © COPYRIGHT - EK¢O™H Department of Environmental Management & Natural Resources ñ ¶ANE¶I™THMIO IøANNINøN tel +30/26410/39519 TÌ‹Ì· ¢È·¯Â›ÚÈÛ˘ ¶ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ & º˘ÛÈÎÒÓ ¶fiÚˆÓ ÙËÏ. 26410/39519 ñ SOCIETY FOR THE PROTECTION OF TRICHONIDA tel +30/26410/51203 ñ ETAIPEIA ¶PO™TA™IA™ TPIXøNI¢A™ ÙËÏ. 26410/51203 All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in any A·ÁÔÚ‡ÂÙ·È Ë ·Ó··Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ÙÔ˘ ˘ÏÈÎÔ‡ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÙËÓ ÁÚ·Ù‹ ¿‰ÂÈ· form or by any means without permission in writing from the publishers. ÙˆÓ ‰ÈηÈÔ‡¯ˆÓ Ù˘ ¤Î‰ÔÛ˘. EDITORIAL SUPPORT AND COLLABORATION EK¢OTIKH ™YNEP°A™IA - Y¶O™THPI•H THESTIEON MUNICIPALITY With kind thanks to the Thestieon Municipality for all the information ¢HMO™ £E™TIEøN offered and its support toward the completion of this publication. E˘¯·ÚÈÛÙԇ̠ıÂÚÌ¿ ÙÔÓ ¢‹ÌÔ £ÂÛÙȤˆÓ ÁÈ· Ù· ÛÙÔȯ›· Ô˘ Ì·˜ ÚÔÛ¤ÊÂÚÂ Î·È ÙËÓ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ÔÏÔÎÏ‹ÚˆÛË Ù˘ ¤Î‰ÔÛ˘. © 2004 ñ ISBN 960-88129-0-9 K. TÚ·Ì¿˙·ÏË, ¢. TÚ·Â˙ÈÒÙ˘, ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ Iˆ·ÓÓ›ÓˆÓ, EÙ·ÈÚ›· ¶ÚÛÙ·Û›·˜ TÚȯˆÓ›‰·˜, ¢‹ÌÔ˜ £ÂÛÙȤˆÓ, Y.¶E.Xø.¢E. C. Trabazali, D. Trapeziotis, University of Ioannina, Society for the protection of Trichonida, Thestieon Municipality, Hellenic Ministry for the environment physical planning and public works Introduction Lake Trichonida is one of the most important lakes in the country, as well as an internal waterland of immense ecological significance. However, this precious ecosystem is heavily taxed by pollution caused by the urbanization of the lands sur- rounding the lake, and by the growth of farmlands and cattle-grounds on its perimeter. A viable strategy toward conserving and benefiting from the natural order must encompass extensive sci- entific research as well as ecotouristic exploitation of the lake’ s resources. We sincerely hope that this guide will provide a motive for a responsible and respectful protection of this natural treasure. Panayotis Dion. Dimopoulos, Ass. Professor of Botany - University of Ioannina, Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management ¶ÚfiÏÔÁÔ˜ ∏ Ï›ÌÓË ∆ÚȯˆÓ›‰·, ÙÔ ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ ÙÔ˘ ·ÚfiÓÙÔ˜ ÔÈÎÔÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈÎÔ‡ Ô‰ËÁÔ‡ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ¤Ó·Ó ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfiÙÂÚÔ˘˜ ˘‰¿ÙÈÓÔ˘˜ fiÚÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜ Ì·˜ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ¤Ó·Ó ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎfi ˘ÁÚfiÙÔÔ Ì ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈÎfi ÔÈÎÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ Î·È ÛËÌ·Û›·, Ë ÔÔ›· ·Ô̤ÓÂÈ Ó· ·Ó·‰Âȯı› ÂÚ·ÈÙ¤Úˆ. øÛÙfiÛÔ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÈÛËÌ¿ÓÔ˘Ì fiÙÈ Ë ·ÛÙÈ΋ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË Ô˘ ÏfiÁˆ Ù˘ ÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰¿ÊÔ˘˜, ÂÚÈÔÚ›˙ÂÙ·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ Û ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ ÏËÛ›ÔÓ Ù˘ Ï›ÌÓ˘, Ì ÙȘ ·ÚȘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜ ÙˆÓ Î·ÙÔ›ÎˆÓ Ó· Â›Ó·È Ë ÁˆÚÁ›·, Ë ÎÙËÓÔÙÚÔÊ›· ÂχıÂÚ˘ ‚ÔÛ΋˜ Î·È Ë ÌÂÙ·Ô›ËÛË ·ÁÚÔÙÈÎÒÓ ÚÔ˚fiÓÙˆÓ, ÂÈ‚·Ú‡ÓÔ˘Ó ÙÔ ÏÈÌÓ·›Ô ÔÈÎÔÛ‡ÛÙËÌ· Ì ڇԢ˜ Ô˘ ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ·ÛÙÈο χ̷ٷ Î·È ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÓÙ·ÙÈÎÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÁÚÔÙÈÎÒÓ Î·ÏÏÈÂÚÁÂÈÒÓ. ∏ ¤Ú¢ӷ ÁÈ· ÏËÚ¤ÛÙÂÚË ÁÓÒÛË, Ë ·Ó¿‰ÂÈÍË ÙÔ˘ Ê˘ÛÈÎÔ‡ ÏÔ‡ÙÔ˘ Ù˘ Ï›ÌÓ˘ Î·È ÔÈ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ˜ ÔÈÎÔÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛ˘ ˆ˜ Û˘ÛÙ·ÙÈÎfi ÛÙÔÈ¯Â›Ô ÔÏÔÎÏËÚˆÌ¤ÓˆÓ ·ÂÈÊÔÚÈÎÒÓ ‰È·¯ÂÈÚÈÛÙÈÎÒÓ Ú·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÙȘ ‰‡Ô Û˘ÌÏËڈ̷- ÙÈΤ˜ fi„ÂȘ ÌÈ·˜ ÎÔÈÓ‹˜ ÛÙÚ·ÙËÁÈ΋˜ Ë ÔÔ›· ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ÛÙË ‰È·Ù‹ÚËÛË Î·È ÙËÓ ÔÚıÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ‰È·¯Â›ÚÈÛË Ù˘ ∆ÚȯˆÓ›‰·˜ ̤۷ ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ‹ÈˆÓ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ÔÈÎÔÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛ˘ Î·È ÂÚȯÔ̤ÓÔ˘. O ·ÚfiÓ Ô‰ËÁfi˜ ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙ‹ıËΠ·fi ÙÔ À¶∂Ãø¢∂ ÛÙ· Ï·›ÛÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ «¶ÚÔÛÙ·Û›· ¶ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ Î·È µÈÒÛÈÌË ∞Ó¿Ù˘ÍË» Ì ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙÈÎfi ̤ÛÔ ÙÔ ∂∆∂ƒ¶™ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô 2002-2003. O Ô‰ËÁfi˜ ·˘Ùfi˜, ›ı ӷ ·ÔÙÂϤÛÂÈ ÙÔ Î›ÓËÙÚÔ Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÊÔÚÌ‹ ÁÈ· ·Ó¿ÏË„Ë ‰Ú¿ÛÂˆÓ ÚÔÛÙ·Û›·˜ Î·È ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹˜ ÔÚıÒÓ Ú·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ ‰È·¯Â›ÚÈÛ˘, Ì Û‚·ÛÌfi ÙÔ˘ ·ÓıÚÒÔ˘ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ Ê˘ÛÈÎfi ÏÈÌÓ·›Ô ÔÈÎÔÛ‡ÛÙËÌ· Ù˘ ∆ÚȯˆÓ›‰·˜. ∏ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· ·Í›˙ÂÈ Î·È ÔÈ ÂfiÌÂÓ˜ ÁÂÓȤ˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ÌÔÈÚ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ÎÔÈÓfi fiÚ·Ì· ÁÈ· ‰È·Ù‹ÚËÛË Î·È ·Ó·‚¿ıÌÈÛË Ù˘ Ï›ÌÓ˘ ∆ÚȯˆÓ›‰·˜ Ì Û‚·ÛÌfi ÛÙÔÓ ¿ÓıÚˆÔ Î·È ÙȘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ¤˜ ÙÔ˘. ∂›Î.∫·ı. ¶·Ó·ÁÈÒÙ˘ ¢ÈÔÓ.¢ËÌfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ ∆Ì‹Ì· ¢È·¯Â›ÚÈÛ˘ ¶ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ Î·È º˘ÛÈÎÒÓ ¶fiÚˆÓ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ πˆ·ÓÓ›ÓˆÓ Contents ¶ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓ· Map of Aetoloakarnania . .5 X¿ÚÙ˘ AÈÙ/Ó›·˜ . .5 Aetoloakarnania County . .6 NÔÌfi˜ AÈÙˆÏԷηÚÓ·Ó›·˜ . .7 Lake Trichonida, the ocean of Aetoleia . .8 TÚȯˆÓ›‰·, ÙÔ ¤Ï·ÁÔ˜ Ù˘ AÈوϛ·˜ . .9 The natural surroundings. Water & Flora . .12 TÔ Ê˘ÛÈÎfi ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ. TÔ ÓÂÚfi & Ë Xψڛ‰· . .13 ñ Calcareus Bog Fens (C.B.F.) . .14 ñ AÛ‚ÂÛÙÔ‡¯ÔÈ B¿ÏÙÔÈ (A.B.) . .15 ñ The rich fauna of lake Trichonida . .16 ñ H ÏÔ‡ÛÈ· ·Ó›‰· Ù˘ Ï›ÌÓ˘ TÚȯˆÓ›‰·˜ . .17 - Amphibians and reptiles . .16 - AÌÊ›‚È· Î·È ÂÚÂÙ¿ . .17 - Insects . .18 - ŒÓÙÔÌ· . .19 - Mammals . .20 - £ËÏ·ÛÙÈο . .21 - Birds . .20 - OÚÓÈıÔ·Ó›‰· . .21 - Fish . .28 - æ¿ÚÈ· . .29 The tour of Trichonida, O Á‡ÚÔ˜ Ù˘ Ï›ÌÓ˘ TÚȯˆÓ›‰·˜ an unforgettable experience . .30 ÌÈ· ·Í¤¯·ÛÙË ÂÌÂÚ›· . .31 Map of Lake Trichonida . .42 - 43 X¿ÚÙ˘ Ù˘ Ï›ÌÓ˘ TÚȯˆÓ›‰·˜ . .42 - 43 Useful information . .44 XÚ‹ÛÈ̘ ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ . .45 Gastronomic guide . .46 °·ÛÙÚÔÓÔÌÈÎfi ÁψÛÛ¿ÚÈÔ . .47 BÈ‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›· . .48 4 XAPTH™ AITø§OAKAPNANIA™ MAP OF AETOLOAKARNANIA Aetoloakarnania County Area: 5.460,888 sq. kilometers Aetoloakarnania County is situated in the west of Greece, above the city of Patras and below the city of Ioannina. It can be accessed on the Patras-Ioannina national road, and by air to the Aktion international airport. It also offers access to the island of Lefkada by road and to the islands of Kefalonia, Ithaki, Corfu and Paxi by ferry. Borders: to the west with the Ionian Sea, to the south with the Patraikos Gulf, to the northwest with the Amvrakikos Gulf. Its natural borders with the counties of Arta, Evritania, Fthiotida and Fokida are the Valtos mountains, the Kremaston lake, Mt. Panetolikon, the river Mornos and Mt. Oxia. Has 5 provinces: of Messolongi, Nafpaktos, Trichonida, Vonitsa-Xiromero and Valtos. 29 Municipalities, with a total population of 224.429. Capital: Messolongi. 3 main rivers: Aheloos, Evinos (which is suitable for rafting) and Mornos. 6 natural lakes: Trichonida, Lysimachia, Ozeros, Amvrakia, Voulkaria and Saltini, and 3 artificial ones: Kremaston, Kastrakiou and Stratou. Mountains: Mt. Panetoliko, Mt. Makrinoros, Mt. Thyamos, Mt. Akarnanika, Mt. Arakynthos and the mountains of Valtos, Nafpaktia. Spas: Hounis, Kremaston, Myrtias, Mourostiannou, Trifou, Korpis, Agrapidokampou, Stachtis, Vlachomandras, etc. It has a large coastline. Southern Aetolia is mostly covered by salt lakes, swampland and marshes. The grounds are surrounded by water, the sea to the east, the Evinos and Aheloos rivers to the west, so that slowly but surely, the land has been covered by water, creating salt lakes over a 258000 acre area. Most well-known are the salt lakes of Messolongi, Etoliko and Klisova. The main produce of the region: Agriculture: olives, tobacco, corn, cotton, citrus fruits. Cattle raising: is usually on a small family scale, with the exception of pig-farming. Cattle-grounds account for 45% of the County. Industry: is not particularly advanced, there are small and medium-range businesses which deal mostly in food products and building materials (e.g.