Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2019; 8(1): 1017-1021 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2019; 8(1): 1017-1021 Formulation and evaluation of wild apricot kernel Received: 13-11-2018 Accepted: 15-12-2018 oil based massage cream Anshika Sharma, Department of Food Science and Anshika Sharma, Devina Vaidya, Anil Gupta and Manisha Kaushal Technology, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Abstract Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Apricot oil extracted from wild apricot kernels with low acid value, rich in vitamin E and fatty acid was Himachal Pradesh, India selected as the base material for the optimization of formulations of apricot based massage cream. The Himachal Pradesh, India massage cream was developed by different concentration of oil and was compared with the commercially Department of Food Science and available apricot cream, on the basis of quality characteristics, functional properties, sensory and any Technology, Dr YS Parmar adverse effects on skin. The massage cream containing 10 to 15 per cent of oil as a base material was University of Horticulture and found better on the basis of quality characteristics i.e. viscosity (28001 & 37350 cps), total fatty matter Forestry, Nauni, Solan, (13.90 &15.01 per cent), vitamin E (32.195 & 35.145mg/100g) and sensory qualities i.e. good spread Himachal Pradesh, India ability and medium emollient and functional properties i.e. thermal stability and oil-in-water emulsion as per the BIS standards. Thus, on the basis of present studies, the formulation of 10-15% vitamin E rich Devina Vaidya, wild apricot kernel oil can be utilized for the development of massage cream. Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr YS Parmar Keywords: Wild apricots, kernel oil, massage cream, vitamin E, functional properties University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India Introduction Wild apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) is an important tree borne oilseed of mid hills and dry Anil Gupta, temperate regions of the country (Kate et. al. 2014) [15] It belong to the family Rosaceae and Department of Food Science and sub-family Prunoidea. In the Himalayan region of the country, local communities known it by Technology, Dr YS Parmar different vernacular names viz. “Chulli”, “Shara”, “Khurmani”,“Chulu”, Khubani and Chuari University of Horticulture and [33] Forestry, Nauni, Solan, (Yadav 2015) . In India, it is mainly grown in the temperate regions of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, India Himachal Pradesh and Uttrakhand ranging from 2000 to 2500 metres above mean sea level (Parmar and Sharma, 1992; Sharma, 2000) [20, 26]. The wild apricot is unfit for table purpose Manisha Kaushal due to high acids and low sugars. The remaining part of the fruit is the stone which contains Department of Food Science and two types of kernels; with sweet kernel known as Nyarmo and bitter kernel known as Khante Technology, Dr YS Parmar [32] University of Horticulture and (Yadav et al., 2011) . The bitter kernels are rich source of oil (38-45%), protein (17.75 to Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 22.56%), carbohydrates (21.16 to 35.26 %), crude fibre (0.84 to 4.71%) and dietary fibre (6.03 Himachal Pradesh, India to 22.24 %). The oil contains 13.70 per cent saturated and 86.00 per cent unsaturated fatty acid (Femenia et al., 1995). It contains 60.00-70.90 per cent oleic acid, 20.00-30.00 per cent linoleic acid, 4.00-4.50 per cent palmitic acid, 1.00-1.24 per cent stearic acid, 0.08-0.13 per cent linolenic acid, and 0.10-0.12 per cent arachidic acid (Ozkal et al., 2006; Ramadan et al., [18, 21, 28] 2011; Sharma et al., 2012) . Cosmetics are the substances applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, perfuming or changing the appearance and must not cause damage to human health (Chanchal and Swarnlata, 2008) [8]. The oil is the major constituent in cosmetic products and among different cosmetic products; the demand for personal care products is increasing in day to day life of people. The apricot kernel oil is reported to be good for all skin types including the aged skin and skin that is dry or irritate, since it does not leave any oily film on the skin due to its fatty acid composition (Anonymous, 2003b) [3]. Oil has been reported for medicinal and pharmaceutical preparations and is having good anti-microbial, anti-septic, anti-oxidant, anti- ageing, anti-bacterial and emollient characteristics. Thus, the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries have come up with tremendous utilization of natural oils like apricot oil, almond oil, coconut oil etc. The utilization of this medicinal valued oil in cosmetic is one of the latest approaches made to increase its economic value in the market and providing boost to the growers in the latest emerging cosmetic world. Correspondence Anil Gupta, Materials and Methods Department of Food Science and Raw Materials Technology, Dr YS Parmar The Apricot kernel oil is extracted from the bitter kernels as per the standard procedure (Gupta University of Horticulture and and Sharma, 2009) [12]. The commercial massage cream used as reference and packaging Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India material (PET jars) were procured from the local market. ~ 1017 ~ Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Other raw materials like shea butter, stearic acid, GMS, using scarlet red dye or methylene blue dye by observing emulsifying wax, EDTA, glycerine, and preservatives were under microscope (Mishra et al., 2014) [16]. Thermal stability also procured from the local market. of massage cream was judged by placing the samples inside the incubator at 45 oC for 48 hours (BIS, 2014) [7]. Methodology The sensory qualities of massage cream were judged on the The oil phase contained of oil soluble raw material (apricot basis of appearance, homogeneity, type of emulsion, oil, stearic acid, shea butter, GMS and emulsifying wax) spreadability, type of smear, after feel, removal and patch test whereas; water phase contained of water soluble raw material by the semi trained panel of judges (Sahu et al., 2011) [24] (water, EDTA and glycerin). Cold phase was also prepared containing preservatives. These oil and water phases were Statistical analysis separately heated over water bath till 70oC and both the The data pertaining to the quality characteristics of apricot phases were blended till a cream of desired consistency was based massage cream for optimization were analyzed obtained. At last, the cold phase was added and mixed statistically by following Completely Randomized Design properly. The prepared cream was filled in PET jars. The (CRD) and the sensory qualities were analyzed statistically by apricot massage cream was prepared by using different following Randomized Block Design (RBD). concentrations of oil as 5% (T1), 10% (T2), 15% (T3), 20% (T4), 25% (T5) and commercial apricot based cream was taken Results and Discussion as reference. Apricot kernel oil and oil based massage cream were analyzed for different quality characteristics, sensory qualities, Quality characteristics functional properties and the adverse effects on skin etc and The apricot oil was analysed for different quality were compared with the reference product. On the basis of characteristics. The colour of oil was measured in a Lovibond these quality parameters, the best treatment was selected. Colour Tintometer Model PFXI-880/F. The refractive index was calculated from the butyro-refractometer reading (40oC) Quality characteristics of apricot oil as per the standard method (FSSAI, 2015) [10]. The specific Table 2 shows the quality characteristics of apricot oil with gravity of oil was measured by using specific gravity bottle, tintometer colour unit as yellow (19.0 0± 0.20), red (3.10 ± according to the standard method (Ranganna, 2009) [22]. The 0.05) and on the basis of these units the oil seems to be deep polar material in the oil was determined by using Fri-check yellow in colour. Earlier, Abd El-Aal et al (1986) also (Tilakratne, 2007) [30]. Iodine value was estimated according reported light yellow colour in apricot kernel oil with 35Y and to Wijs (Carbon tetrachloride-acid solvent) method whereas; 5R tintometer colour units (TCU). The CIE (L*A*B*) saponification value and unsaponifiable matter of apricot readings for apricot oil presented in Figure 1 were 75.16, kernel oils was estimated according to the standard method 17.48, 68.68 respectively. The values represents the bright (AOAC, 2000) [4]. Acid value of kernel oils was estimated by reddish-yellow colour of oil. The refractive index, specific titrating a known weight of sample (10g) containing 50 ml gravity and polar materials were found 1.4723 ± 0.02, 0.9120 neutral solvent against 0.1N KOH solution using ± 0.01 and 5.60 ± 0.20 per cent respectively and all these phenolphthalein as an indicator (Thimmaiah, 1999). Peroxide values were within the range as reported by Gupta (2006), value was estimated by mixing the sample (5g) with 30 ml Tilakratne (2007) [30] and Sharma (2013) [27]. Further, the acetic acid- chloroform (3:2) solution containing saturated KI apricot oil exhibited high iodine value (100.46 ± 0.02 solution and titrated against 0.1N sodium thiosulphate using gI2/100g) and saponification value (190.74 ± 0.03 mg starch as an indicator and calculated as milli equivalent KOH/g). The higher iodine value shows more unsaturation peroxide per kg sample (AOAC, 2000) [4]. The viscosity of whereas; higher saponification value justifies the usage of the the sample was analysed by using Brookfield viscometer at 60 oil for soap production. The unsaponifiable matter of oil was rpm using UL adapter with cylindrical spindle (Neuwald, 0.75 ± 0.01 per cent and which was similar to the values 1966) [17]. Concentration of vitamin E (μM) was calculated in obtained by Bachheti et al (2012) [6].