TAXON: Pterolepis glomerata SCORE: 13.0 RATING: High Risk (Rottb.) Miq. Taxon: Pterolepis glomerata (Rottb.) Miq. Family: Melastomataceae Common Name(s): false meadow beauty Synonym(s): Rhexia glomerata Rottb. Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 26 Aug 2019 WRA Score: 13.0 Designation: H(Hawai'i) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Tropical Subshrub, Environmental Weed, Agamospermous, Prolific Seeder, Water-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 n outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 305 Congeneric weed 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 conditions if not a volcanic island) Creation Date: 26 Aug 2019 (Pterolepis glomerata Page 1 of 17 (Rottb.) Miq.) TAXON: Pterolepis glomerata SCORE: 13.0 RATING: High Risk (Rottb.) Miq. Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 y 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 y 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 1 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 y=1, n=-1 y growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 n 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 y 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 n 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 y Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 26 Aug 2019 (Pterolepis glomerata Page 2 of 17 (Rottb.) Miq.) TAXON: Pterolepis glomerata SCORE: 13.0 RATING: High Risk (Rottb.) Miq. Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes [No evidence of domestication] "Most species of Pterolepis are concentrated in eastern central Brazil. Two species, P. trichotoma Renner, S. S. (1994). A revision of Pterolepis and P. glomerata, have become widespread and reach southern (Melastomataceae: Melastomeae). Nordic Journal of Mexico and the West Indies, respectively. The former has already Botany, 14(1), 73-104 produced a descendent, P. stenophyllu, in northern Central America, and P. glomerata has been introduced to and become naturalized in Hawaii." 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. (2019). Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. (2019). Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes "Native to tropical regions of eastern South America from Santa Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R.& Sohmer, S.H. 1999. Manual of Catarina, Brazil, north to the Lesser Antilles; in Hawai'i apparently the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. University not cultivated, but weedy and locally naturalized in mesic to wet of Hawai͚i Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI. disturbed sites and trail margins, on Kaua'i, O'ahu, and Hawai'i. First collected on O'ahu in 1949 (Greenwell s.n., BISH)." "Native Southern America CARIBBEAN: Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and Grenadines, [Saint Vincent] Trinidad and Tobago, United States [Puerto Rico] NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Venezuela [Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Bolivar, Guarico, Miranda, 2019. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Monagas, Sucre] Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. BRAZIL: Brazil [Paraná, Santa Catarina] [Accessed 25 Aug 2019] WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Paraguay [Canindeyú, Presidente Hayes] Naturalized Pacific NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]" 202 Quality of climate match data High Creation Date: 26 Aug 2019 (Pterolepis glomerata Page 3 of 17 (Rottb.) Miq.) TAXON: Pterolepis glomerata SCORE: 13.0 RATING: High Risk (Rottb.) Miq. Qsn # Question Answer Source(s) Notes USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. 2019. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. [Accessed 25 Aug 2019] 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) Source(s) Notes "Pterolepis glomerate occurs from the Dominican Republic (Hispaniola) and Puerto Rico over the Lesser Antilles and Trinidad to Venezuela, the Guianas, and south to Santa Catarina in Brazil; Renner, S. S. (1994). A revision of Pterolepis reaching adjacent Paraguay and Bolivia; in natural and disturbed (Melastomataceae: Melastomeae). Nordic Journal of savannas and coastal vegetation (restinga) from sea level to 1000 m Botany, 14(1), 73-104 altitude. Locally naturalized in Hawaii (Almeda 1990)." [Adapted to a tropical climate, but elevation range suggests it may be able to tolerate cooler temperatures at higher elevations] Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes "Native to tropical regions of eastern South America from Santa Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R.& Sohmer, S.H. 1999. Manual of Catarina, Brazil, north to the Lesser Antilles; in Hawai'i apparently the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. University not cultivated, but weedy and locally naturalized in mesic to wet of Hawai͚i Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI. disturbed sites and trail margins, on Kaua'i, O'ahu, and Hawai'i. First collected on O'ahu in 1949 (Greenwell s.n., BISH)." "Two species, P. trichotoma and P. glomerata, have become Renner, S. S. (1994). A revision of Pterolepis widespread and reach southern Mexico and the West Indies, (Melastomataceae: Melastomeae). Nordic Journal of respectively. The former has already produced a descendent, P. Botany, 14(1), 73-104 stenophyllu, in northern Central America, and P. glomerata has been introduced to and become naturalized in Hawaii." Does the species have a history of repeated 205 n introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes "in Hawai'i apparently not cultivated, but weedy and locally Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R.& Sohmer, S.H. 1999. Manual of naturalized in mesic to wet disturbed sites and trail margins, on the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. University Kaua'i, O'ahu, and Hawai'i. First collected on O'ahu in 1949 of Hawai͚i Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI. (Greenwell s.n., BISH)." [No evidence of intentional introduction or cultivation] 301 Naturalized beyond native range y Source(s) Notes "in Hawai'i apparently not cultivated, but weedy and locally Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R.& Sohmer, S.H. 1999. Manual of naturalized in mesic to wet disturbed sites and trail margins, on the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. University Kaua'i, O'ahu, and Hawai'i. First collected on O'ahu in 1949 of Hawai͚i Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI. (Greenwell s.n., BISH)." Creation Date: 26 Aug 2019 (Pterolepis glomerata Page 4 of 17 (Rottb.) Miq.) TAXON: Pterolepis glomerata SCORE: 13.0 RATING: High Risk (Rottb.) Miq. Qsn # Question Answer "Pterolepis glomerata (rottb.) miq. New island record a weedy herb naturalized on Kaua͚i, O͚ahu, Moloka͚ŝ͕>ĈŶĂ͚i, and Hawai͚i (Wagner et al. 1999: 912; Hughes 1995: 7; Wood 2006: 18), this species was Oppenheimer, H. & Bustamante, K.M. 2014. New recently collected in two sites in wet lowland forest on East Maui. Hawaiian plant records for 2013. Bishop Museum DĂƚĞƌŝĂůĞdžĂŵŝŶĞĚ͘Dh/͗ĂƐƚDĂƵŝ͕,ĈŶĂŝƐƚƌ͕<ĂǁĂŝƉĂƉĂ͕ϳϵϮŵ͕ Occasional Papers 115: ϭϵʹϮϮ 23 Apr 2013, Oppenheimer, Bustamente, & J.Q.C. Lau H41325 (Bish); Waihoi Valley, vicinity of Waiohonu stream, 930 m, 29 may 2013, Oppenheimer et al. H51316." "Pterolepis glomerata (Rottb.) Miq. New island record. Pterolepis glomerata has been previously recorded on the islands of Kaua͚i, Wood, K.