15 1 NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 15 (1): 143–147 https://doi.org/10.15560/15.1.143 First record of Tetraspora gelatinosa Link ex Desvaux (Tetrasporales, Chlorophyceae) in the state of Goiás, Central-Western Brazil Weliton José da Silva1, Ina de Souza Nogueira2, Maria Tereza Morais Pereira Souza Lobo3 1 Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Laboratório de Microalgas Continentais, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, CEP 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil. 2 Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Análise de Gerenciamento Ambiental de Recursos Hídricos, Alameda Palmeiras Quadra I - Lote i2, CEP 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. 3 Universidade Federal de Goiás, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Laboratório de Análise de Gerenciamento Ambiental de Recursos Hídricos, Alameda Palmeiras Quadra I - Lote i2, CEP 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. Corresponding author: Weliton José da Silva, [email protected] Abstract Tetraspora gelatinosa is rare and has been recorded only in 3 Brazilian states since the 2000s. The flora of the state of Goiás is incipiently known, but there is no record of Tetraspora thus far. We record the occurrence of T. gelatinosa in Goiás and characterize this species’ morphology and ecological preferences. Specimens were found in the Samambaia Reservoir, Goiânia, Goiás. Physical and chemical characteristics of the water were measured. Where T. gelatinosa was found, the water was shallow and characterized as ultraoligotrophic. These conditions agree with those reported for other environments in Brazil. Key words Algae, Meia Ponte river basin, new record, rare species, ultraoligotrophic. Academic editor: Thaís Garcia da Silva | Received 20 November 2018 | Accepted 23 January 2019 | Published 8 February 2019 Citation: Silva WJ, Nogueira IS, Lobo MTMPS (2019) First record of Tetraspora gelatinosa (Vaucher) Desvaux (Tetrasporales, Chlorophyceae) in the state of Goiás, Central-Western Brazil. Check List 15 (1): 143–147. https://doi.org/10.15560/15.1.143 Introduction vacuole in the cytoplasm; asexual reproduction resulting in the formation of 2 or 4 daughter cells or biflagellate The genus Tetraspora Link ex Desvaux (1818: 17) was zoospores; and sexual reproduction by isogamy (Bourrely originally proposed to include algae with spores arranged 1972, Ettl and Gartner 1988, Pentecost 2011). four-by-four in a thick substance (“Spores disposés qua- Tetraspora differs from other genera of the family tre à quatre dans l’épaisseus de la substance”). Currently, (i.e., Apiocystis Nägeli, Paulschulzia Skuja, Octospori- it is included in Tetrasporaceae and encompasses repre- ella Kugrens, Polychaetochloris Pascher, Chaetochloris sentatives with green cells within a mucilaginous matrix, Pascher & Korshikov, and Chlorangiochaete Korshi- forming macroscopic spherical colonies; cells spherical kov) because the cells are free and more or less uni- to elliptical, arranged two-by-two or four-by-four, with formly distributed throughout the mucilaginous matrix, 2 pseudoflagella extending beyond the mucilage; chloro- which is macroscopic, and presents an irregular out- plasts parietal, cupuliform, single pyrenoid, and some- line with irregularly demarcated shapes and edges (Ettl times covered by starch grains; stigma absent; contractile and Gartner 1988). Dispora Printz (Radiococcaceae, Copyright Silva et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 144 Check List 15 (1) Figure 1. Occurrence of Tetraspora gelatinosa in the Samambaia Reservoir, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Geodetic datum used: SIRGAS 2000. Sphaeropleales) is also considered morphologically sim- by damming the Samambaia Stream and supplies water ilar to the genus Tetraspora; however, it differs in terms to part of the Northern region of Goiânia. The Samam- of the types of reproduction, which occurs exclusively by baia Stream is a tributary of the Meia Ponte river basin, autospores in Dispora (Komárek and Fott 1983). whose main channel runs 491.4 km and drains an area of Originally, the genus encompassed 3 species [T. min- 12,323 km2 in 39 municipalities (Veiga et al. 2013). ima (Vaucher) Desvaux, T. intestinalis (L.) Desvaux, and Samples were collected by scrapping the wall of the T. gelatinosa (Vaucher) Desvaux] and the illegitimate channel using a scalpel. The benthic material was placed name T. terrestris (Roth) Desvaux. Later, Agardh (1824) in 100 mL glass bottles and fixed with Transeau (Bicudo synonymised T. minima with Ulva bullosa Roth and and Menezes 2017) deposited in the Herbarium of the transferred T. intestinalis to the genus Solenia Persoon Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG). The material was ex E. M. Fries. The only original and legitimate taxa analyzed by light microscopy using a Zeiss Axioscop maintained in Tetraspora by Agardh (1824) was T. gela- 40 microscope equipped with an Axiocam HRc digital tinosa, together with 2 new combinations made by him, camera (Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Germany). The T. lubrica (Roth) C. Agardh and T. cylindrica (Wahlen- metric characteristics were obtained using AxioVision berg) C. Agardh. Thus, T. gelatinosa has become the lec- Rel 4.8 image software (Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH). totype of the genus, according to Recommendation 9A.4 Identification was performed using specific literature of the International Code for Nomenclature of Algae, (e.g., Bourrely 1972, Ettl and Gartner 1988). Physical Fungi, and Plants (McNeill et al. 2012), by the exclusion and chemical variables of the water were determined of the other original taxa by Agardh (1824). according to the American Public Health Association Currently, Tetraspora encompasses 18 species (Guiry (APHA 2017). and Guiry 2017), including T. gelatinosa, the type of the genus. This species is distributed in various freshwater Results systems across all continents, including polar, temper- New record. Brazil: Goiás: Samambaia Reservoir ate, and tropical zones (Richter et al. 2014). In Brazil, T. (16°35ʹ44.35ʺ S, 049°16ʹ53.46ʺ W [altitude ca 700 m]), gelatinosa is known in the states of São Paulo, Paraná, Lobo, MTMPS and da Silva, WJ, 21 May 2016 (UFG and Rio Grande do Sul (Branco et al. 2005, Krupek et al. 0066394) 2007, 2008, Peres 2011, Tucci et al. 2015). Herein we pro- vide the first record ofT. gelatinosa in the state of Goiás, Identification. Tetraspora gelatinosa (Fig. 2) is a par- Central-Western Brazil. tially floating palmelloid algae, which is characterized by macroscopic thalli, and vesicular and sac-like non-motile Methods colonies with non-fenestrated mucilaginous matrix. The cells are almost always grouped four-by-four and rarely Benthic samples were taken in a small channel constantly two-by-four or two on the periphery; cells are spheri- supplied with water from the Samambaia Reservoir in cal to slightly elliptical with a diameter of 4.9–11.3 µm; Goiânia, state of Goiás (Fig. 1). This reservoir is formed each cell has 2 long pseudoflagella that extend beyond Silva et al. | First record of Tetraspora gelatinosa in Central-Western Brazil 145 Figure 2. Tetraspora gelatinosa (Vaucher) Desvaux. A–F. Cells grouped four-by-four, general aspect. G. Vegetative cells bearing 2 pseudo- flagella each (arrows). Scale bar = 10 µm. the mucilage, which are occasionally absent; 2 contrac- these taxa could be conspecific and that the fenestrated tile vacuoles; chloroplast single, cupuliform, or urceo- and tubular mucilaginous matrix in T. lubrica could be a late; pyrenoid single, no stigma. morphological variability of T. gelatinosa, or more spe- cifically, a growth condition of this species. Indeed, these Discussion 2 species can occur in the same environment at the same time, which could support this conspecificity hypothesis This species is similar to T. lubrica, but differs by the (Peres 2011), but more detailed studies should be con- morphology of the mucilaginous matrix (whole and ducted to confirm this or solve other taxonomic doubts in non-fenestrated versus tubular and fenestrated) (Pente- the group, perhaps by including molecular data, as sug- cost 2011). Ettl and Gartner (1988) also highlighted dif- gested by Richter et al. (2014). ferences in the number of starch grains, of which there Individuals of T. gelatinosa are normally non-motile are only 2 in T. lubrica and numerous in T. gelatinosa; in the vegetative phase and, similar to other Tetraspo- however, we were not able to observe this characteristic. raceae, present pseudoflagella (Ettl and Gartner 1988). However, some authors (e.g., Pentecost 2011) suggest that These pseudoflagella differ from flagella because they 146 Check List 15 (1) lack the 2 central microtubules (Entwisle and Skinner to mesotrophic conditions and, consequently, low con- 2001). In some cases, the pseudoflagella do not extend centration of nutrients (Entwisle and Skinner 2001, beyond the mucilaginous matrix, and therefore, are dif- Gutowski et al. 2004, Richter et al. 2014). Differently ficult to observe (Entwisle and Skinner 2001). However, from the population recorded in the most disturbed sites in zoospores and gametes, the pseudoflagella are shed in streams of the Mexican basin, and therefore, tolerant and flagella are produced (Entwisle and Skinner 2001). to high