NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC Kyrgyzstan Extended Migration Profile 2010-2015 Kazahkstan Talas Bishkek Chuy oblast Balykchy Talas oblast Karakol Issyk-Kul oblast Jalalabad oblast Naryn oblast Jalalabad Uzbekistan Naryn Osh Batken Osh oblast Batken oblast China Tadjikistan УДК 325 ББК 60.7 К 97 National Institute for Strategic Studies of the Kyrgyz Republic International Organization for Migration Editorial team Chief Editor: T. I. Sultanov Authors: G. K. Ibraeva, M. K. Ablezova Managing Editors: S. V. Radchenko, J. R. Irsakova, E. A. Omurkulova-Ozerska, M. Manke, O. S. Chudinovskikh, A. V. Danshina, J. S. Beketaeva, A.T. Bisembina Interagency Working Group: E. A. Omurkulova-Ozerska - National Institute for Strategic Studies of the Kyrgyz Republic J. R. Irsakova - National Institute for Strategic Studies of the Kyrgyz Republic T. S. Taipova - The National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic G. J. Jaylobaeva - The National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic A. Z Mambetov - Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic Mirlan Sarlykbek uulu - State Border Service of the Kyrgyz Republic B. O. Arzykulova - Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic J. N. Omurova - Ministry of Economy of the Kyrgyz Republic S. A. Korchueva - Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic A. K. Minbaev - State Registration Service under the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic U. Shamshiev - State Migration Service of the Kyrgyz Republic B. S. Aydakeeva - State Migration Service of the Kyrgyz Republic Design and layout: М.S. Blinova К 97 Kyrgyzstan – extended migration profile – B.: 2016 K 0703000000-16 УДК 325 ББК 60.7 ISBN 978-9967-11-550-7 KYRGYZSTAN EXTENDED MIGRATION PROFILE 2010-2015 This Extended Migration Profile was prepared in the framework of the Global Programme Mainstreaming Migration into Development Strategies implemented by the International Organization for Migration and the United Nations Development Programme with the financial support of the Government of Switzerland. The document is based on data from the National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic, the State Migration Service under the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic, the State Registration Service under the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic, the National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Kyrgyz Republic the State Border Service of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Ministry of Economy of the Kyrgyz Republic, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic. This document is intended for representatives of governments, international and non- governmental organizations concerned with governance in the field of migration, as well as experts and researchers. The information presented in this study may not necessarily reflect the views and positions ofNISS KR, National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic, Ministry of Interior of the Kyrgyz Republic, State Border Service of the Kyrgyz Republic, Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, Ministry of Economy of the Kyrgyz Republic, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic, State Registration Service under the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic, State Migration Service under the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic, IOM, UNDP and the Government of Switzerland, and it does not affect the privileges and immunities enjoyed by IOM as an intergovernmental organization in the Kyrgyz Republic. The National Institute for Strategic Studies of the Kyrgyz Republic 218 Kievskaya Str., 720001 Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic Tel.: +996 312 39 20 60 Fax: +996 312 65 44 88 Email: [email protected] Publisher: The Mission of the International Organization for Migration (IOM), 2016 6 Ryskulov Str., 720001 Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic Tel .: +996 312 61 24 56/57/58 Fax: +996 312 61 24 60 Email: [email protected] ©All rights reserved by copyright. When using the material in this publication refer to the source. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................... 8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................................. 9 KYRGYZ REPUBLIC – BASIC FACTS ........................................................................ 11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. 13 PART A: TRENDS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MIGRATION ............................ 20 Short history and main determinant factors ..................................................................... 23 Part A. 1. General cross-border mobility ......................................................................32 Part A.2. Immigration ...................................................................................................38 A 2.1. Immigration for the purpose of employment ..............................................45 A 2.2. Immigration for educational purposes ......................................................... 49 Part A.3. Emigration ..................................................................................................... 53 А 3.1. Kyrgyzstan citizens living abroad and emigration .........................................57 А 3.2. Emigration for work purposes ...................................................................... 59 А 3.3. Emigration for the purpose of education .....................................................65 А 3.4. Involuntary migration ................................................................................... 67 Part А 4. Irregular migration ........................................................................................71 Part А 5. Internal migration..........................................................................................76 PART B: THE INFLUENCE OF MIGRATION .............................................................. 83 Part B.1 Migration and the demographic situation......................................................83 Part B.2. Migration and the Economic Situation ..........................................................97 PART C: MIGRATION GOVERNANCE ...................................................................... 133 Part C1. Legislative base (at national, regional and international levels) ..................133 Part C.2. Institutional and organizational framework ................................................140 Part C.3. Political framework......................................................................................143 Part C.4. Programme framework .............................................................................. 146 PART D: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .........................................149 Part D.1. Migration in Kyrgyzstan: current trends ..................................................... 149 Policy .................................................................................................................... 150 Statistical reporting .............................................................................................. 152 Part D.2. Migration from Kyrgyzstan: current trends ................................................ 154 Policy .................................................................................................................... 156 Statistics ................................................................................................................ 157 Part D.3. Recommendations ......................................................................................158 GLOSSARY .................................................................................................................... 161 APPENDICES ...................................................................................................... 166 BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................182 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Average salary (USD) ............................................................................................ 28 Figure 2: Trends in external migration and migratory balance in Kyrgyzstan (persons) ......30 Figure 3: Difference between the number of foreign nationals entering and exiting the country on tourist visas ................................................................................................. 36 Figure 4: Trends in cross-border mobility of Kyrgyzstani citizens (persons) ........................37 Figure 5: Number of foreign nationals registered by DRPCA SRS ........................................39 Figure 6: Number of applications for Kyrgyzstani residence permits (temporary or permanent) .................................................................................................. 39 Figure 7: Number of foreign nationals granted permanent residence in Kyrgyzstan from CIS countries ............................................................................................................... 39 Figure 8: Number of foreign nationals granted permanent resience in Kyrgyzstan from countries outside the CIS, persons ............................................................................. 40 Figure 9: Long-term immigration to Kyrgyzstan by citizenship (first ten countries, %)