DOCTORAL DISSERTATION Basic Color Terms from Chinese: Semantic Analysis, Comparison with Hungarian, Effects from SLA XIE Jing 2018 I Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem Bölcsészettudományi Kár DOCTORAL DISSERTATION XIE Jing Basic Color Terms from Chinese: Semantic Analysis, Comparison with Hungarian, Effects from SLA Linguistics Doctoral School Dr. Gábor Tolcsvai Nagy MHAS, Head of the Doctoral School Sinology Doctoral Programme Dr. Hamar Imre DSc, Head of the Doctoral Programme Members of the Committee: Chair: Dr. Hamar Imre DSc, professor Opponents: Dr. YE Qiuyue PhD, assistant professor Dr. Habil Csatár Péter PhD, assistant professor Secretary: Dr. Pap Melinda PhD, senior lecturer Members: Dr. Kozjek-Gulyás Anett PhD, senior lecturer Dr. Csibra Zsuzsanna PhD, senior lecturer Dr. Habil Kósa Gábor PhD, assistant professor Supervisor: Dr. Bartos Huba PhD, assistant professor Budapest, 2018 II Contents ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................ 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 4 1.1 MOTIVATION AND OBJECTIVE OF THE THESIS ...................................................................................... 4 1.2 SCOPE OF STUDIES ON BASIC COLOR TERM AND ITS SEMANTICS ..................................................... 4 1.3 METHODOLOGY OF THE THESIS ............................................................................................................. 5 1.4 ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS ............................................................................................................. 6 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................... 8 2.1 ASPECTS OF STUDIES IN COLOR ............................................................................................................ 8 2.2 ASPECTS OF STUDIES IN BASIC COLOR TERM ...................................................................................... 9 2.2.1 Evolution Theory of Basic Color Term ...................................................................................... 9 2.2.2 Linguistic Relativity of Basic Color Term ................................................................................ 11 2.2.3 A Layered, Integrated Study Model by Yang Yonglin ....................................................... 12 2.3 ASPECTS OF STUDIES ON CHINESE BASIC COLOR TERMS ................................................................. 15 2.3.1 Evolution of Chinese Basic Color Terms ................................................................................ 15 2.3.2 The Quantity of Chinese Basic Color Terms ......................................................................... 18 2.3.3 The Cognition of Chinese Basic Color Terms....................................................................... 21 2.3.4 The Semantics of Chinses Color Term ................................................................................... 24 2.4 STUDIES ON HUNGARIAN BASIC COLOR TERM .................................................................................. 27 2.5 CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................................... 29 CHAPTER 3 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ........................................................................................ 32 3.1 COGNITIVE SEMANTICS ........................................................................................................................ 32 3.1.1 Categorization ................................................................................................................................ 33 3.1.2 Prototype Theory .......................................................................................................................... 34 3.1.3 Image schema ................................................................................................................................ 37 3.1.4 Metaphor ......................................................................................................................................... 38 3.1.5 Metonymy ....................................................................................................................................... 42 3.2 FRAME THEORY ..................................................................................................................................... 44 CHAPTER 4 SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF BASIC COLOR TERMS IN CHINESE ...................................... 46 4.1 THE PROPERTIES OF THE EIGHT BASIC COLOR CATEGORIES IN CHINESE ........................................ 46 4.2 SEMANTICS ANALYSIS OF BLACK ......................................................................................................... 49 4.2.1 Prototype Meaning of Black ...................................................................................................... 49 4.2.2 Schematic-Related Extension Meaning of Black ................................................................ 53 4.2.3 Metaphorical Extension of Black .............................................................................................. 54 4.2.4 Metonymic Extension of Black .................................................................................................. 58 4.3 SEMANTICS ANALYSIS OF WHITE ......................................................................................................... 61 4.3.1 Prototype Meaning of White..................................................................................................... 61 4.3.2 Schematic-Related Extension Meaning of White ............................................................... 62 4.3.2 Metaphorical Extension of White ............................................................................................. 64 III 4.3.3 Metonymic Extension of White................................................................................................. 68 4.3.3.1 Metonymy Based on the Prototype of White .................................................................. 68 4.3.3.2 Metonymy Based on the Image Schema of White ......................................................... 71 4.4 SEMANTICS ANALYSIS OF RED ............................................................................................................. 73 4.4.1 Schematic-Related Extension Meaning of Red ................................................................... 73 4.4.2 Metaphorical Extension of Red ................................................................................................. 75 4.4.3 Metonymic Extension of Red .................................................................................................... 77 4.5 SEMANTICS ANALYSIS OF YELLOW ...................................................................................................... 82 4.5.1 Schematic-Related Extension Meaning of Yellow .............................................................. 82 4.5.2 Metaphorical Extension of Yellow ........................................................................................... 82 4.5.3 Metonymic Extension of Yellow ............................................................................................... 85 4.6 SEMANTICS ANALYSIS OF GREEN ........................................................................................................ 88 4.6.1 Metaphorical Extension of Green ............................................................................................ 88 4.6.2 Metonymic Extension of Green ................................................................................................ 93 4.7 SEMANTICS ANALYSIS OF BLUE ........................................................................................................... 95 4.8 SEMANTICS ANALYSIS OF GREY ........................................................................................................... 96 4.9 SEMANTICS ANALYSIS OF PURPLE ..................................................................................................... 104 4.10 SUMMARY AND FURTHER STUDY .................................................................................................... 107 CHAPTER 5 A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE ASSOCIATIVE MEANINGS OF COLOR TERMS IN CHINESE AND HUNGARIAN ......................................................................................................... 113 5.1 THE PURPOSE AND DESIGN OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE ..................................................................... 113 5.2 THE PROCESS, CRITERIA AND ACCOMPLISHMENT OF SURVEY ....................................................... 115 5.3 DATA ANALYSIS OF VALID QUESTIONAIRE ....................................................................................... 117 5.3.1 Black and White ........................................................................................................................... 117 5.3.2 Red ................................................................................................................................................ 118 5.3.2.1 Analysis of Chinese 红 Hong .............................................................................................. 118 5.3.2.2 Analysis of Hungarian