POSIX-2017 Shell & Utilities Utilities admin - create and administer SCCS files (DEVELOPMENT) ex - text editor alias - define or display aliases expand - convert tabs to spaces ar - create and maintain library archives expr - evaluate arguments as an expression asa - interpret carriage-control characters false - return false value at - execute commands at a later time fc - process the command history list awk - pattern scanning and processing language fg - run jobs in the foreground basename - return non-directory portion of a pathname file - determine file type batch - schedule commands to be executed in a batch queue find - find files bc - arbitrary-precision arithmetic language fold - filter for folding lines bg - run jobs in the background fort77 - FORTRAN compiler (FORTRAN) c99 - compile standard C programs fuser - list process IDs of all processes that have one or more files cal - print a calendar open cat - concatenate and print files gencat - generate a formatted message catalog cd - change the working directory getconf - get configuration values cflow - generate a C-language flowgraph (DEVELOPMENT) get - get a version of an SCCS file (DEVELOPMENT) chgrp - change the file group ownership getopts - parse utility options chmod - change the file modes grep - search a file for a pattern chown - change the file ownership hash - remember or report utility locations cksum - write file checksums and sizes head - copy the first part of files cmp - compare two files iconv - codeset conversion command - execute a simple command id - return user identity comm - select or reject lines common to two files ipcrm - remove an XSI message queue, semaphore set, or shared memory compress - compress data segment identifier cp - copy files ipcs - report XSI interprocess communication facilities status crontab - schedule periodic background work jobs - display status of jobs in the current session csplit - split files based on context join - relational database operator ctags - create a tags file (DEVELOPMENT, FORTRAN) kill - terminate or signal processes cut - cut out selected fields of each line of a file lex - generate programs for lexical tasks (DEVELOPMENT) cxref - generate a C-language program cross-reference table link - call link function (DEVELOPMENT) ln - link files date - write the date and time localedef - define locale environment dd - convert and copy a file locale - get locale-specific information delta - make a delta (change) to an SCCS file (DEVELOPMENT) logger - log messages df - report free disk space logname - return the user's login name diff - compare two files lp - send files to a printer dirname - return the directory portion of a pathname ls - list directory contents du - estimate file space usage m4 - macro processor echo - write arguments to standard output mailx - process messages ed - edit text make - maintain, update, and regenerate groups of programs env - set the environment for command invocation (DEVELOPMENT) man - display system documentation split - split a file into pieces mesg - permit or deny messages strings - find printable strings in files mkdir - make directories strip - remove unnecessary information from strippable files mkfifo - make FIFO special files (DEVELOPMENT) more - display files on a page-by-page basis stty - set the options for a terminal mv - move files tabs - set terminal tabs newgrp - change to a new group tail - copy the last part of a file nice - invoke a utility with an altered nice value talk - talk to another user nl - line numbering filter tee - duplicate standard input nm - write the name list of an object file (DEVELOPMENT) test - evaluate expression nohup - invoke a utility immune to hangups time - time a simple command od - dump files in various formats touch - change file access and modification times paste - merge corresponding or subsequent lines of files tput - change terminal characteristics patch - apply changes to files tr - translate characters pathchk - check pathnames true - return true value pax - portable archive interchange tsort - topological sort pr - print files tty - return user's terminal name printf - write formatted output type - write a description of command type prs - print an SCCS file (DEVELOPMENT) ulimit - set or report file size limit ps - report process status umask - get or set the file mode creation mask pwd - return working directory name unalias - remove alias definitions qalter - alter batch job uname - return system name qdel - delete batch jobs uncompress - expand compressed data qhold - hold batch jobs unexpand - convert spaces to tabs qmove - move batch jobs unget - undo a previous get of an SCCS file (DEVELOPMENT) qmsg - send message to batch jobs uniq - report or filter out repeated lines in a file qrerun - rerun batch jobs unlink - call the unlink function qrls - release batch jobs uucp - system-to-system copy qselect - select batch jobs uudecode - decode a binary file qsig - signal batch jobs uuencode - encode a binary file qstat - show status of batch jobs uustat - uucp status enquiry and job control qsub - submit a script uux - remote command execution read - read from standard input into shell variables val - validate SCCS files (DEVELOPMENT) renice - set nice values of running processes vi - screen-oriented (visual) display editor rmdel - remove a delta from an SCCS file (DEVELOPMENT) wait - await process completion rmdir - remove directories wc - word, line, and byte or character count rm - remove directory entries what - identify SCCS files (DEVELOPMENT) sact - print current SCCS file-editing activity (DEVELOPMENT) who - display who is on the system sccs - front end for the SCCS subsystem (DEVELOPMENT) write - write to another user sed - stream editor xargs - construct argument lists and invoke utility sh - shell, the standard command language interpreter yacc - yet another compiler compiler (DEVELOPMENT) sleep - suspend execution for an interval zcat - expand and concatenate data sort - sort, merge, or sequence check text files.