FIFG 2000–2006 Shadow Evaluation FINAL REPORT For Pew Environment Group MARCH 2010 MAIN OFFICE: TELEPHONE: +44 1590 610168 WINDRUSH, WARBORNE LANE FAX: +44 1590 636585 PORTMORE, LYMINGTON [email protected] HAMPSHIRE SO41 5RJ http://www.consult-poseidon.com UNITED KINGDOM 610-ECE FIFG 2000-2006 Shadow Evaluation Final Report TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...................................................................................................I 1 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................1 1.1 EVOLUTION OF THE FIFG STRUCTURAL FUND .....................................................................1 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THIS REPORT ....................................................................................................3 1.3 REPORT STRUCTURE ...................................................................................................................4 2 APPROACH TO THIS EVALUATION ................................................................ 5 2.1 OVERALL APPROACH .................................................................................................................5 2.2 SCOPE ...........................................................................................................................................5 2.3 INFORMATION SOURCES............................................................................................................6 2.4 ASSUMPTIONS..............................................................................................................................7 2.4.1 Subsidies are one of many factors that contribute to overfishing.....................................................7 2.4.2 There is a time-lag between the investment, the funding and the status of stocks............................7 2.4.3 Passive fishing gear, small-scale fisheries and fisheries-dependent areas should be favoured.............7 2.4.4 Subsidies under FIFG measures can be defined as having positive or negative impacts..................8 3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF FIFG 2000–2006.......................................... 9 3.1 CHANGES IN FLEET CAPACITY RESULTING FROM FIFG FUNDING ....................................9 3.1.1 The problem of overcapacity.........................................................................................................9 3.1.2 Trends in EU fleet capacity and the role of FIFG ....................................................................10 3.1.3 Subsidising positive and negative impacts on fishing capacity ......................................................11 3.1.4 Private sector contributions........................................................................................................15 3.1.5 Synopsis ...................................................................................................................................16 3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS IN ALLOCATING FIFG FUNDING .........................17 3.2.1 Consideration of fleet capacity and impacts on vulnerable stocks.................................................17 3.2.2 Consideration of fleet environmental impacts..............................................................................19 3.2.3 Consideration of environmental impacts of non-fleet measures.....................................................20 3.2.4 Synopsis ...................................................................................................................................21 3.3 FISHING FLEETS ASSISTED BY FIFG AND THE CONSEQUENCES FOR FISH STOCKS AND MARINE HABITATS .............................................................................................................................22 3.3.1 Implications for vulnerable fish stocks targeted by FIFG assisted fleets.......................................22 3.3.2 Fishing gears assisted by FIFG funding....................................................................................25 3.3.3 The environmental impacts of FIFG-funded vessels on bycatch and habitat................................27 3.3.4 Synopsis ...................................................................................................................................29 3.4 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................30 4 SOCIAL ASPECTS OF FIFG 2000–2006 ...............................................................32 4.1 FUNDING IN RELATION TO EMPLOYMENT AND SECTOR INCOME....................................32 4.2 DISTRIBUTION OF FUNDS BETWEEN THE MANY OR THE FEW ..........................................36 4.3 FISHERIES DEPENDENCY.........................................................................................................37 4.4 SMALL-SCALE COASTAL FISHING ............................................................................................38 4.5 TAKING ACCOUNT OF SOCIAL CRITERIA...............................................................................42 4.6 SUMMARY...................................................................................................................................43 5 ISSUES RELATING TO FIFG 2000–2006 AND A ‘SOCIAL CONTRACT’ .......44 5.1 RECIPIENTS AND INFRINGEMENTS ........................................................................................44 5.2 RELATIVE EXPENDITURE ON FIFG AND FISHERIES CONTROL ACTIVITIES....................45 5.3 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................46 March 2010 POSEIDON Aquatic Resource Management Ltd 6 CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................................47 6.1 FLEET CAPACITY.......................................................................................................................47 6.2 STATUS OF TARGET STOCKS....................................................................................................48 6.3 WIDER ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF FUNDING ................................................................48 6.4 SOCIAL ASPECTS ........................................................................................................................49 6.5 SOCIAL CONTRACT....................................................................................................................50 Appendices APPENDIX A: REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................................51 APPENDIX B: MEMBER STATE ANNEXES.................................................................................................................................54 APPENDIX C: CATEGORISATION OF FIFG MEASURES IN RELATION TO THEIR IMPACTS ON FISHING CAPACITY .......55 APPENDIX D: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON FISHING GEAR TYPES................................................................................58 APPENDIX E: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON STOCK TREND INFORMATION AND FIFG PAYMENTS.........................65 Tables TABLE 1: TOTAL FIFG FUNDING 2000–2006............................................................................................................................ 5 TABLE 2: INFORMATION SOURCES AND TYPES.......................................................................................................................... 6 TABLE 3: EVOLUTION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION FLEET CAPACITY (NUMBERS, GT AND KW)...................................10 TABLE 4: FLEET CAPACITY FOR SELECTED MEMBER STATES 2000 AND 2007...................................................................11 TABLE 5: SUMMARY OF KEY FLEETS ASSISTED BY FIFG (2000–2006) AND THE STOCKS THEY TARGET ......................23 TABLE 6: PROPORTION OF GEAR TYPES FUNDED BY FIFG (2000–2006) BY NUMBER AND POWER ..............................25 TABLE 7: SUMMARY OF KEY FLEETS ASSISTED BY FIFG (2000–2006) AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ............28 TABLE 8: COULD VESSELS RECEIVING FIFG SUPPORT ALSO BE INFRINGING REGULATIONS?.......................................45 TABLE 9: ANNUAL CONTROL COSTS RELATIVE TO ANNUAL FIFG FUNDING, BASED ON SECTOR INCOME.................45 TABLE 10: MAIN GEAR TYPES FOR VESSELS CONSTRUCTED USING FIFG FUNDING 2000–2006 ...................................62 TABLE 11: MAIN GEAR TYPES FOR VESSELS MODERNISED USING FIFG FUNDING 2000–2006......................................63 TABLE 12: KEY CHARACTERISTICS FOR VESSELS SCRAPPED WITH FIFG ASSISTANCE OVER 2000 –2006 .....................64 March 2010 POSEIDON Aquatic Resource Management Ltd Figures FIGURE 1: TOTAL FIFG FUNDING (EC AND MEMBER STATE ALLOCATIONS) IN €MILLION FOR POSITIVE (BLUE) AND NEGATIVE (RED) MEASURES ................................................................................................................................................ I FIGURE 2: TOTAL FIFG FUNDING 2000–2006.......................................................................................................................... 5 FIGURE 3: TOTAL FIFG FUNDING FOR POSITIVE, NEGATIVE AND NEUTRAL MEASURES * ............................................13 FIGURE 4: TOTAL FIFG FUNDING FOR POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE MEASURES BY MEMBER STATE (€MILLION)..........14 FIGURE 5: PRIVATE SECTOR CONTRIBUTIONS FOR POSITIVE (BLUE) AND NEGATIVE (RED) MEASURES AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL FIFG FUNDING.......................................................................................................................16