Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología ISSN: 0185-3309 [email protected] Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología, A.C. México Barrera Necha, Laura Leticia; Bautista Baños, Silvia; Jiménez Estrada, Manuel; Reyes Chilpa, Ricardo Influence of Leaf, Fruit and Seed Powders and Extracts of Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. (Fabaceae) on the in vitro Vegetative Growth of Seven Postharvest Fungi Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología, vol. 20, núm. 1, enero-junio, 2002, pp. 66-71 Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología, A.C. Texcoco, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=61220111 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative 66 / Volumen 20, Número 1, 2002 Influence of Leaf, Fruit and Seed Powders and Extracts of Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. (Fabaceae) on the in vitro Vegetative Growth of Seven Postharvest Fungi Laura Leticia Barrera-Necha, Silvia Bautista-Baños, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, km 8.5 Carr. Yautepec-Jojutla, San Isidro Yautepec, Morelos, México CP 62731; Manuel Jiménez-Estrada and Ricardo Reyes- Chilpa, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México, D.F., CP 04510. Correspondence to: [email protected] (Received: October 17, 2001 Accepted: January 28, 2002) Abstract. sp., Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Barrera-Necha, L.L., Bautista-Baños, S., Jiménez-Estrada, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium digitatum, Pestalotiopsis M., and Reyes-Chilpa, R. 2002. Influence of leaf, fruit and sp., Rhizopus stolonifer. seed powders and extracts of Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. (Fabaceae) on the in vitro vegetative growth of seven Resumen. Los polvos de hojas, frutos y semillas de postharvest fungi. Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología 20:66- Pithecellobium dulce y semillas extraídas secuencialmente 71. con hexano-diclorometano, acetona y metanol-agua se Powders of Pithecellobium dulce leaves, fruit and seeds evaluaron sobre el crecimiento micelial de Alternaria sp., sequentially extracted with hexane-dicloromethane, acetone, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium and methanol-water were evaluated on mycelial growth of oxysporum, Penicillium digitatum, Pestalotiopsis sp. y Alternaria sp., Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum Rhizopus stolonifer. Los polvos de semillas tuvieron la más gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium alta actividad fungistática contra los hongos probados en digitatum, Pestalotiopsis sp. and Rhizopus stolonifer. In comparación con los polvos de fruto y hoja. En general, se comparison to fruit and leaf powders, seeds had the highest observó una curva de dosis-efecto para las tres fungistatic activity against the fungi tested. In general, a dose- concentraciones evaluadas (0.5, 2.0 and 5.0 mg/ml). Sin effect curve was observed for the three concentrations (0.5, embargo, para P. digitatum y Alternaria sp. la concentración 2.0 and 5.0 mg/ml) evaluated. However, for P. digitatum and más baja y la más alta, respectivamente, incrementaron el Alternaria sp., the lowest and highest concentrations crecimiento micelial. Dependiendo de la concentración, los respectively, increased mycelial growth. Depending on polvos de hoja y fruto inhibieron o incrementaron el concentration, leaf and fruit powders inhibited or increased crecimiento micelial. El crecimiento micelial de mycelial growth. For Pestalotiopsis sp., P. digitatum, F. Pestalotiopsis sp, P. digitatum, F. oxysporum, Alternaria sp. oxysporum, Alternaria sp., and R. stolonifer mycelial growth y R. stolonifer se incrementó sobre los residuos de semillas increased on seed residues (10 mg/ml), after hexane- (10mg/ml), después de la extracción de hexano- dicloromethane, acetone, and methanol-water extractions of diclorometano, acetona y metanol-agua de polvos de semillas, seed powder, suggesting that fungistatic compounds were sugiriendo que los compuestos fungistáticos fueron removidos removed by the dissolvent used. The hexane-dicloromethane por los disolventes usados. El extracto hexano-diclorometano extract was subjected to column chromatography, obtaining fue sometido a una cromatografía en columna, obteniéndose 13 fractions with similar pattern, which were evaluated using 13 fracciones con patrones similares, las cuales fueron the mycelial growth responses of F. oxysporum, P. digitatum evaluadas usando la respuesta de crecimiento micelial de F. and R. stolonifer. Eleven and nine fractions inhibited F. oxysporum, P. digitatum y R. stolonifer. Once y nueve de las oxysporum and R. stolonifer development, respectively. P. fracciones inhibieron el crecimiento de F. oxysporum y R. digitatum was the fungus least affected by all fractions. stolonifer, respectivamente. P. digitatum fue el hongo menos Preliminary analysis of the most active fraction by nuclear afectado por todas las fracciones. El análisis preliminar de la magnetic resonance indicated the presence of a tryacyl fracción más activa por resonancia magnética nuclear indicó glycerol. la presencia de un triacil glicerol. Additional key words: Guamúchil, huamúchil, Madras thorn, Palabras clave adicionales: Guamúchil, huamúchil, Madras manila tamarind, ojiuma, plant extracts, fractions, Alternaria thorn, manila tamarind, ojiuma, extractos vegetales, Revista Mexicana de FITOPATOLOGIA/ 67 fracciones, Alternaria sp., Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum sapote mamey (Pouteria sapota), R. stolonifer, P. digitatum, gloeosporioides Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium digitatum, F. oxysporum and C. gloeosporioides from infected papaya Pestalotiopsis sp., Rhizopus stolonifer. (Carica papaya), and Botrytis cinerea from infected strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa). To maintain Failure to control postharvest pathogenic fungi can result in pathogenicity, each fungus was frequently inoculated and serious economic losses to worldwide horticultural reisolated from its indicated host. production. Fungi such as Alternaria sp., Botrytis cinerea, In vitro bioassay. Powders of leaves, fruit and seeds were Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, prepared at three concentrations (0.5, 2.0 and 5.0 mg/ml in Penicillium digitatum, Pestalotiopsis sp. and Rhizopus the growing media) and amended with 16 ml of Potato stolonifer, cause diseases to different fruits and vegetables dextrose agar (PDA) and autoclaved (15 lb/cm2, 15 min.). and all are considered major plant pathogens (Farr et al., After sterilization media were poured into Petri plates (60 x 1989). Natural products may offer a new approach for control 15 mm). A five mm disc agar containing the respective of postharvest diseases. Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. pathogen was placed at the centre of each plate which was (Fabaceae) (common names: guamúchil, huamúchil, manila then incubated as follows: One day for R. stolonifer, two days tamarind, Madras thorn, ojiuma) is an evergreen tree for Alternaria sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., P. digitatum and B. indigenous to the Americas and widely distributed throughout cinerea and four days for F. oxysporium and C. Mexico. It has also been introduced into Asia, Africa and gloeosporioides. Except for B. cinerea, whose incubation Australia. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants temperature was at 20oC, the other fungi were incubated at conducted by the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) 25ºC. Mycelial growth (colony diameter) was measured at in the State of Morelos, Mexico revealed that the boiled fruit the end of the incubation time. Three replications were run peel of P. dulce was able to cure cough among people of simultaneously for each treatment (leaves, fruit and seeds at Tamaulipas, Chiapas and Guerrero (Aguilar et.al., 1996). We different concentrations). Petri plates of controls only have previously reported that the powder and aqueous extract contained PDA media. Tests were finished when mycelium from the leaves of P. dulce inhibited at some stage the growth of the control plates reached the edge of the dishes. Growth of four important postharvest fungal pathogens of fruits and inhibitory effects were calculated as fallow: % Inhibition = vegetables (Bautista-Baños et al., 2000a). It is noteworthy Mycelial growth in control – Mycelial growth in treatment/ that P. dulce was the most effective among twenty plants Mycelial growth in control X 100 tested. For example, sporulation of R. stolonifer previously Extraction. Seed powders (200 g) were successively isolated from ‘ciruela’ (Spondias purpurea) was completely extracted at room temperature with hexane-dicloromethane inhibited, while percentage infection after storage was (2:8), acetone and methanol-water (8:2) for 48 h in each significantly reduced in two varieties ciruelas: red and yellow solvent system. After each extraction step, a sample of 10 previously dipped in leaf extracts of P. dulce as compared mg/ml was amended with 16 ml of PDA, autoclaved and with control fruit (Bautista-Baños et al., 2000b). Montes et. poured onto Petri plates (60 x 15 mm). Mycelial growth of al., (1990), reported significant antifungal activity of leaf each test fungus was recorded at the end of each incubation extracts of P. dulce against Uromyces appendiculatus on bean time. Three replicates (three plates) were carried out for each crops as well. The objectives of this work