Transit-Oriented Development in Portland: Multiyear Summary Report of Portland State University Surveys Jennifer Dill Nathan McNeil Portland State University July 2020 Table of Contents 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................1 2 TOD sites ............................................................................................................................................3 3 Survey development and implementation ................................................................................... 24 4 Who lives in TODs? ....................................................................................................................... 29 5 How do TOD residents travel? .................................................................................................... 34 6 Did moving to a TOD change travel behavior? .......................................................................... 44 7 What other factors influence travel behavior of TOD residents? .......................................... 48 8 How do characteristics of a TOD correlate with differences in travel behavior? ................ 59 9 Trip generation ................................................................................................................................ 67 10 Discussion ......................................................................................................................................... 72 11 References ........................................................................................................................................ 74 12 Appendices ....................................................................................................................................... 76 List of Tables Table 2-1: 2005 TOD survey sites ...........................................................................................................4 Table 2-2 2007 TOD survey sites ............................................................................................................6 Table 2-3 2010 TOD survey sites ............................................................................................................9 Table 2-4 2014 TOD survey sites ......................................................................................................... 11 Table 2-5 2018 TOD survey sites ......................................................................................................... 14 Table 2-6 Factor average, minimum and maximum by group ........................................................... 18 Table 2-7 Portland group ........................................................................................................................ 19 Table 2-8 East Portland group ............................................................................................................... 20 Table 2-9 Gresham group ....................................................................................................................... 20 Table 2-10 West Center group ............................................................................................................. 21 Table 2-11 West Suburb group ............................................................................................................. 21 Table 2-12 Density and transportation matrix .................................................................................... 23 Table 3-1 Incentives ................................................................................................................................. 26 Table 3-2 2018, 2014, and 2010 unit response rates ......................................................................... 27 Table 3-3 2007 response rates .............................................................................................................. 28 Table 3-4 2005 response rates .............................................................................................................. 28 Table 4-1 Demographic characteristics of TOD residents ............................................................... 30 Table 4-2 Demographic characteristics of surrounding cities........................................................... 31 Table 4-3 Household income category................................................................................................. 31 Table 4-4 Commuting frequency ........................................................................................................... 32 Table 4-5 Length of time in home ......................................................................................................... 32 Table 4-6 Rent or own home................................................................................................................. 33 Table 5-1 Vehicle availability................................................................................................................... 34 Table 5-2 Number of vehicles available to household of surrounding city residents ................... 35 Table 5-3 Current commute mode frequency .................................................................................... 39 Table 5-4 Commute mode in surrounding cities ................................................................................ 40 Table 5-5 Transit for non-commute purposes, once a week or more in good weather ............. 42 Table 5-6 Walking and biking for non-commute purposes, once a week or more in good weather ...................................................................................................................................................... 42 Table 5-7 Frequency of taking a walk, jog, or stroll around the neighborhood in the past 30 days .................................................................................................................................................................... 43 Table 6-1 Previous residence primary commute mode (inferred) ................................................... 44 Table 6-2 Current primary commute mode (inferred) ...................................................................... 44 Table 6-3 Change in primary commute mode from previous residence ........................................ 45 Table 6-4 Use of modes compared to previous residence ............................................................... 46 Table 6-5 Change in vehicle ownership after moving ........................................................................ 47 Table 7-1 Importance of factors in choosing current residence ...................................................... 49 Table 7-2 How well do you think your residence and its location meet the current needs of your household? ....................................................................................................................................... 51 Table 7-3 Variables measuring attitudes towards travel modes ....................................................... 52 Table 7-4 Attitudes towards different travel modes .......................................................................... 53 Table 7-5 Additional travel attitudes..................................................................................................... 54 Table 7-6 Attitudes towards new travel modes.................................................................................. 55 Table 7-7 Transit preference in home choice and travel behavior .................................................. 56 Table 8-1 Vehicle availability, by TOD type ......................................................................................... 60 Table 8-2 Commute mode, by TOD Type .......................................................................................... 61 Table 8-3 Transit for non-commute purposes, once a week or more in good weather, by TOD Type............................................................................................................................................................ 62 Table 8-4 Walk or bike for non-commute purposes, once a week or more in good weather, by TOD Type ................................................................................................................................................. 62 Table 8-5 Frequency of taking a walk, jog, or stroll around the neighborhood in the past 30 days, by TOD type ................................................................................................................................... 63 Table 8-6 Use of modes compared to previous residence, by TOD type...................................... 65 Table 8-7 Importance of transit access in choosing home, by TOD type ...................................... 66 Table 9-1 ITE Trip Generation Manual (2012) comparable residential building categories ......... 68 Table 9-2 2017 Trip Generation Manual: weekday ............................................................................ 69 Table 9-3 Estimated trip generation ...................................................................................................... 70 Table 12-1 Portland TODs ..................................................................................................................... 76 Table 12-2 Hillsboro TODs ................................................................................................................... 77 Table 12-3 Beaverton TODs .................................................................................................................