SETTLEMENT OF REGION DISPUTES THROUGH THE CONSTITUTIONAL Zuhdi Arman1 Universitas Putera Batam, Batam, Indonesia [email protected] ABSTRACT Regional boundaries have an important meaning as the limits of regional government authority in carrying out regional government functions. Implies the emergence of conflicts between regions regarding the assertion of territorial boundaries because it is related to upholding the existence and sovereignty of each local government. In this research, the purpose of writing is not only to describe the conflict resolution process through the administrative process, but also relates to the settlement process through a review of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia by the Constitutional Court. The method used in this research is normative juridical. Through this research the writer can find research that is contrary to legal principles. Whereas Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 76 of 2012 is the correct regulation that is able to resolve conflicts in border areas. The administrative process regulated in Law Number 23 Year 2014 has not been able to resolve the problem of border area conflict even though the decision is a final decision but also has legal remedies as a review in court. Keywords: Settlement, Regional, Constitutional, Court. 1. Introduction Democracy’s reformation era was of the 1945 Constitution amendments such an abstract and universal concept. (also known as the 1945 Constitution of Those kinds of democracy has been the Republic of Indonesia) which states applied in many countries in various that sovereignty is in the hands of the forms, which results in various titles, people and carried out according based such as constitutional democracy, on the constitution (Franciscus, Xaverius peoples democracy, guided democracy, W., Yustisia Jurnal Hukum: Volume 8 liberal democracy, and so on. One of Number 1, 2019: 109). democracy’s system which has been The Unitary State of the Republic practiced in Indonesia is constitutional of Indonesia is divided into a number of democracy. It’s adjusted regulations are provincial areas and the province is explicitly stated in article 1 paragraph 2 divided into districts and cities, each of 13 | P a g e which has a regional government, which the people in the system of the Unitary is regulated by law. One of the State of the Republic of Indonesia. constitutional aspects of the Based on this formulation, in the administration of the state and autonomous region there are elements, government since Indonesia's namely: a) elements of the territorial independence is the issue relating to boundary. It can be stated that an area the implementation of autonomy as a must have an area with clear unitary state subsystem. The idea of boundaries so that it can be autonomy as an alternative to the distinguished between one region and choice of federal state form has been another. b) elements of government. laid since the days of the independence The existence of government in the movement. At the time of drafting the regions is based on the legitimacy of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Law which gives authority to the Indonesia, autonomy was included as regional government, to carry out one of the subjects discussed and then governmental affairs that have the contained in the 1945 Constitution of authority to regulate based on their the Republic of Indonesia (Bagir Manan, own creativity. c) elements of society. 2004: 21-22). Government has a role in Society as an element of regional promoting good governance (Citra, government is a legal community unit, 2015: 514). both gemeeinschaft and gesselchaft, After the wave of reforms in clearly having traditions, customs, and Indonesia, one of the issues that customs that have colored the local surfaced was the improvement of government system, starting from the central and regional relations. The birth form of thinking, acting and certain of Law Number 22 of 1999 concerning habits (Sunamo, 2015: 15). Regional Government has presented a Since the era of regional new paradigm in the administration of autonomy, regional boundaries have regional government in Indonesia. With important significance as management a broad and complete basis of authority boundaries for each region so autonomy, the implementation of that the uncertainty and disagreement regional government becomes more in the area's boundaries has caused meaningful, because there is freedom many disputes regarding these for the region to regulate and manage boundaries related to the development its own household affairs, according to of politics, economy, culture of the the conditions and potential of each world community and local region (Mexsasai Indra, 2013: 1). communities in interpreting regional The autonomous region itself boundaries. In the Republic of Indonesia contains the understanding of a legal Law, it has actually been regulated society unit that has territorial regarding the mechanism for resolving boundaries, which is authorized to regional border crossings, namely regulate and manage government Permendagri Number 76 of 2012 which affairs and the interests of the local replaces the previous Permendagri community according to their own namely Number 1 of 2006 concerning initiative, based on the aspirations of Guidelines for Boundary Affirmation 14 | P a g e which focuses on the resolution of non- with scholars' views on law that has litigation disputes. high qualifications (doctrine) and However, the Constitutional Court comparative law. Because this research has a gap in the resolution of regional is a normative study, statutes and border disputes which is the entry point conceptual approaches are applied. The in the settlement of border disputes statute approach is applied by between regions, namely through the examining laws and other related Testing of the 1945 Constitution of the matters legal regulations concerning the Republic of Indonesia towards the legal issues in question. This is an formation of regions due to the formal approach using the law and the rules. In legal form of the formation of an addition, a conceptual approach is autonomous region based on in the applied using perspective and the provisions of laws and regulations, one concept of several experts to analyze of the contents is the boundary of an the data collected, together with the established autonomous region. doctrines that grow in the legal However, the tendency to resolve discipline as the basis of this research to regional border disputes through the build on legal arguments to solve the examination of the Law on the 1945 legal problems under study (Marzuki, Constitution is indeed interesting to 2009: 93). discuss, by making an effort to examine the formation of a region against the 4. Result and Discussion (Calibri 14 1945 Constitution, it has changed the bold) flow of disputes that were initially 1. Authority of the Constitutional Court in between one region and the region Resolving Regional Border Disputes others become interregional areas with The Constitutional Court is a new State Institutions. institution in the branch of judicial power that explains the judicial function. This is in accordance with the 2. PROBLEM STATEMENT provisions of Article 24 paragraph (2) of Based on the results of the the 1945 (Mexsasai, 2013: 149) preliminary explanation above, the Constitution of the Republic of author specifically focused on how to Indonesia: Judicial power is exercised by complete regional border disputes a Supreme Court and a judicial body through the constitutional court? that is under it in the general court, religious court, military court, state 3. Research Method administration court environment , and A study of normative law was used, a Constitutional Court. If related to bearing in mind the exclusive character conflicts over territorial borders, the of this study itself which method is authority of the Constitutional Court normative. This method is useful for rests with the authority to review the analyzing the correlation rule of law, Laws on the 1945 Constitution of the justice and contracts. However, Republic of Indonesia. With regard to doctrinal learning is used to analyze the authority to examine the Laws on legal principles, legal literature, along the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of 15 | P a g e Indonesia in Article 24C paragraph (1 ) interpretations of the law, even though The 1945 Constitution of the Republic there are new government regulations. of Indonesia, Article 1 number 3 letter a Thus this step can be used as a juncto Article 10 paragraph (1) letter a barometer for local government and the juncto section eight of Law Number 24 people of Indonesia regarding legal Year 2003 concerning the Constitutional awareness and rule of law, which is in Court with the authority to decide on accordance with the choice of the the petition of the applicant regarding Indonesian people that Indonesia is a losses from individual Indonesian state of law. citizens, customary law community unit, The emergence of the issue of public or private legal entity, and state constitutionality, then that is where the institution. judiciary appears to treat the law as Law Number 24 of 2003 to examine something that must be studied again the constitutionality of the Act, the theoretically carefully on the basis of Constitutional Court through its the constitutional basis, never on the decision can declare that the material basis of eligibility. If the judiciary formulation of an Act has no legal force concludes that