Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 471 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Architecture: Heritage, Traditions and Innovations (AHTI 2020) Protection and Recycling of Architectural Heritage in Macau's Urban Renewal Lier Mi1,* 1City University of Macau, Macau, China *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The era of rapid urban development requires effective protection and reuse of urban architectural heritage. Urban renewal aims to replace the decaying physical space with new urban functions, while respecting and protecting the architectural heritage. In the stage of rapid urban development in Macau, architecture, as a good cultural carrier, carries a collective memory. In the early stage of urban development, Macau has paid attention to the protection of architectural heritage and established a classification protection system through a series of practical explorations. This paper takes the practice of protection and reuse of architectural heritage in Macau as the research object and discusses how to effectively use and protect architectural heritage, so as to provide reference materials for the study of architectural heritage protection in Macau and promote the effective protection and utilization of architectural heritage in the context of urban renewal. Keywords: Macau, architectural heritage, urban renewal, classification protection mechanism I. INTRODUCTION C. Research purposes Most of the existing literatures focus on the form, A. Research background characteristics and value of Macau architecture, while few The rapid urban development witnessed many urban focus on how to protect and reuse Macau architecture in the renewal projects in full swing. However, the traditional context of urban renewal. Therefore, this paper studies the means of comprehensive renewal have seriously damaged protection and reuse of architectural heritage in Macau's the urban heritage, especially leading to the reduction of historic urban area and puts forward the inheritance and space and historic buildings in historical areas. Rapid urban protection of architectural heritage value in the community, renewal, especially the lack of recognition of the hoping to bring some enlightenment to the protection of authenticity and value of heritage, will cause new damage to architectural heritage in other cities. heritage, which urgently needs effective protection and reuse of urban heritage. Architecture is the carrier of history II. OVERVIEW OF MACAU'S ARCHITECTURAL and culture, so relevant personnel should analyze and comb HERITAGE the advantages and disadvantages between urban renewal and architectural heritage protection from a broader and A. Historical background of Macau's architectural heritage deeper perspective. After more than 400 years of historical changes, Macau has changed from a fishing village on the peninsula to a B. Research content world heritage city and a tourist city, and the urban space Since 1953, the Macau government began to pay has changed accordingly. Macau's culture is composed of attention to the protection of urban architectural heritage, Chinese culture and Portuguese culture, with different especially after the success of Macau's application for the ethnic groups and cultural backgrounds, creating a rich list of world heritage in 2005, it has been further exploring variety of architectural types in Macau. At the very the protection of architectural heritage. This paper takes the beginning, most Portuguese colonial buildings were mainly protection of architectural heritage in Macau as the research European church buildings, which are the oldest extant object, including the laws and regulations of architectural western architectural heritage in China and the heritage protection, the restoration process of architectural comprehensive embodiment of eastern and western heritage protection, public participation in architectural architectural art. In this compact urban space, the Chinese heritage protection and so on. The author also explores the and European cultures are embodied through the vehicle of management and practice of architectural heritage architecture, embracing each other and remaining protection in Macau and analyzes the driving force of independent. Thus it can be seen that Macau is the earliest sustainable development brought to the city by the place in China to contact with modern western artifacts and protection and comprehensive utilization of architectural culture, and also the first stop for modern western heritage in Macau. Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 211 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 471 architecture to be introduced into China (Chen Zecheng, of architectural heritages intermingled in Macau. Macau has 2009). 22 buildings listed on the world cultural heritage list. Temples and houses of intellectuals with a unique Lingnan B. Status quo of architectural heritage in Macau architectural design and European churches, theatres, As for the overall value of Macau's architectural cemeteries, etc. are strung together like a necklace from heritage, it was influenced by the architectural styles of south to north. (See "Table I") Portuguese colonial areas before the handover, so a variety TABLE I. ANALYSIS ON MACAU'S ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE Building Construction time Building Types Continuity of the building restrictions A-Ma Temple 1605 (33rd years memorial Religious building It is the oldest temple in Macau. After a of Wanli of the fire in 1988, the Macau government Ming Dynasty) restored it to its original appearance. Moorish 1874 It has architectural Modern military In 1905, the building was converted Barracks artistic value. architecture into port office and Polcia Martima e Fiscal It is now the office building of port office. Mandarin's house 1881 (the seventh It has architectural Modern residential The government restored it to its in Macau year of the reign of artistic value. architecture original condition in 2001. Emperor Guangxu) Igreja de So about 1569 memorial Religious building Originally a wooden church, it was Loureno rebuilt in 1844 to its present size. The government paid for the repairs in 2002. The main body is brick structure. St. Joseph's 1758 memorial Religious building Restored in 1953, it is now in baroque convent and the style. church Teatro de Pedro 1860 It has architectural Modern public It was the first western-style theatre in artistic value. architecture China and still retains its recreational function. Biblioteca Sir 1894 It has architectural Modern public Originally a private villa, it was opened Robert Ho Tung artistic value. architecture as a public library after 1958. St. Austin's 1875 memorial Religious building The church started out as a very church humble, manipulative building, and was restored in 1874 to its present size. Leal Senado 1784 memorial Modern Originally a city hall, it was restored in Building administrative 1874 to its present size, with the second architecture floor now a museum. Pagode Sam Cai the period of memorial Modern public It was originally the site of the Macau Vu Cun (Temple QianLong Dynasty architecture/religious merchants' council and has undergone Of Guan Yu) building three renovations since then. Holy House of 18th century memorial public buildings It was the first western-style hospital in Mercy China and was established in 1905. lobby (cathedral) 1850 memorial Religious building After many disasters, it was rebuilt in 1937 to form the present scale. Lou Kau the end of the 19th It has architectural Modern residential The house is a good reflection of Mansion century artistic value. architecture Macau's unique blend of Chinese and western architectural styles. In order to restore the house, the government found another place for the residents and then hired experts to repair it. Rosary Church 1587 memorial Religious building When it was first built, most of the structure was damaged by insects because it was made of wood. In 1991, the Macau cultural bureau restored the building, and the second and third floors are now museums. Ruins of St. Paul 1580 memorial Religious building It was a church, but only the facade was left because of the fire. Na Zha temple 1898 memorial Religious building The Macau government repaired the temple in 1995 and 2000, repairing the temple's permanent structure and replacing the decaying wood. Ruins of the old 1569 memorial city wall 212 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 471 Building Construction time Building Types Continuity of the building restrictions fortaleza do It has architectural military building Now it is changed to a weather station monte artistic value. and repaired in 1996. In order to maintain authenticity, it cleaned the external walls and repaired with raw materials. St. Anthony's 1565 memorial Religious building It was repaired several times due to the church fire. In 1930, it was converted into a whitewashed stone surface reflecting the neoclassical style. Casa Garden Mid-18th century It has architectural Modern residential It used to be the first garden villa in artistic value. architecture Macau and is now the meeting site of Casa Garden. Protestant memorial Religious building The cemetery is divided into two parts. Cemetery The Morrison chapel, which was built at the same time with the cemetery,